国外船员典型制度对我国船员立法的启示  

Enlightenment of Foreign Typical Crew System to China′s Crew Legislation

作　　者：李燕霞[1] 涂梅超 马睿君[1] 李晓峰[1] LI Yan-xia;TU Mei-chao;MA Rui-jun;LI Xiao-feng(China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2022年第2期22-29,共8页Transport Research

摘　　要：我国现行船员立法关于船员权益保障尚存在不完善之处。考察国外船员立法发现,很多国家船员立法内容上不仅涉及船员职业介绍、税收福利等行政管理方面,还包括船员灾害赔偿、集体协议等权益保障方面,其中典型的有:美国的“共同雇主”制度,英国的集体协议制度,日本的职业介绍制度,韩国的船员人身损害获赔保障制度,以及印度的高福利政策等。通过研究这些典型制度,对我国未来完善船员立法提出以下方面的建议:(1)为船员提供特别保护,明确规定船东和雇主责任;(2)建立健全船员服务机构准入制度,强化对船员中介机构的监管;(3)完善船员三方协调机制,拓宽船员工会职能;(4)建立强制责任保险,强化船员人身损害赔偿保障;(5)健全船员社会保障制度,提升船员社会福利水平。There are still imperfections in China′s current crew legislation on the protection of crew rights and interests.The investigation of foreign crew legislation showed that the crew legislation in many countries not only involved the administrative aspects such as crew employment placement and tax benefits,but also included the protection of rights and interests such as crew injury compensation and collective bargaining agreement.Typical examples are the"co-employer"system in the US,the collective bargaining agreement of crews in the UK,the employment placement system in Japan,the protection system for personal injury compensation of crews in South Korea,and India′s high welfare policy.By studying these typical systems,this paper puts forward the following suggestions for China′s future improvement of crew legislation:(1)to provide special protection for crews and clearly stipulate the liabilities of shipowners and employers;(2)to establish and improve the access system of crew service institutions and strengthen the supervision of crew intermediary institutions;(3)to improve the tripartite coordination mechanism of crew and broaden the functions of crew trade union;(4)to establish compulsory liability insurance and strengthen the protection of crew personal injury compensation;(5)to improve the social security system and the social welfare level of crews.

关 键 词：船员立法 劳务派遣 集体协议 职业介绍 灾害赔偿 

分 类 号：U692[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]