超声电机摩擦材料局部剥落故障特征提取方法  

Fault feature extraction method for local spalling of friction material in ultrasonic motor

作　　者：安国庆 张群虎 安琪 韩晓慧 李争 薛智宏 AN Guoqing;ZHANG Qunhu;AN Qi;HAN Xiaohui;LI Zheng;XUE Zhihong(School of Electrical Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学电气工程学院,石家庄050018

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2022年第9期144-150,173,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：2020年通用航空增材制造协同创新中心资助项目(202015);国家自然科学基金(51877070);河北省自然科学基金(E2017208086)。

摘　　要：行波型超声电机摩擦材料局部剥落故障直接影响电机输出性能,并加速电机失效;针对故障信息易受噪声干扰,尤其故障初期特征难以提取的问题。将孤极电压信号作为处理对象,提出了一种基于局部特征尺度分解(local characteristic-scale decomposition,LCD)与Teager能量算子相结合的故障特征提取方法:首先,对原始信号样本进行LCD得到不同内禀尺度分量,并通过自相关分析对各分量进行重构,实现降噪预处理;其次,利用Teager能量算子对重构信号低频段所包含的故障信息进行放大;最后,筛选低频段故障频率成分,提出了以幅值和频率信息为基础的故障特征计算方法。试验结果表明,该方法可有效表征行波型超声电机摩擦材料局部剥落的扩增趋势,并具备一定噪声背景下的适用性。Local spalling fault of friction material in traveling wave ultrasonic motor directly affects the motor’s output performance and accelerates its failure.Here,aiming at problems of fault information being easy to be disturbed by noise,especially,fault features being difficult to extract in its initial stage,a monitor electrode voltage signal was taken as the processing object,a fault feature extraction method based on the combination of local characteristic-scale decomposition(LCD)and Teager energy operator was proposed.Firstly,the original signal samples were decomposed with LCD to obtain different intrinsic scale components,and all components were reconstructed with the autocorrelation analysis to realize preprocessing de-noising.Then,fault information contained in low frequency band of the reconstructed signals was amplified with Teager energy operator.Finally,fault frequency components in low frequency band were screened,and a fault feature calculation method based on amplitude value and frequency information was proposed.The experimental results showed that the proposed method can effectively characterize the amplification trend of local spalling fault of friction material in traveling wave ultrasonic motor,and has the applicability under a certain noise background.

关 键 词：超声电机 摩擦材料 孤极电压 故障特征提取 局部特征尺度分解(LCD) TEAGER能量算子 

分 类 号：TM359.9[电气工程—电机]