经典名方中石斛的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Dendrobii Caulis in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：赵菊润 赵佳琛 王艺涵 金艳[2] 张卫[3] 彭华胜[2] 蔡秋杰[4] 李兵[3] 杨洪军[5] 张华敏[3] 詹志来 ZHAO Ju-run;ZHAO Jia-chen;WANG Yi-han;JIN Yan;ZHANG Wei;PENG Hua-sheng;CAI Qiu-jie;LI Bing;YANG Hong-jun;ZHANG Hua-min;ZHAN Zhi-lai(Longling Institute of Dendrobii Caulis,Baoshan 678300,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]龙陵县石斛研究所,云南保山678300 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700 [3]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [4]中国中医科学院中医药发展研究中心,北京100700 [5]中国中医科学院,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第10期215-228,共14页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);云南省“云岭产业技术领军人才”培养工程项目;国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草及医书典籍,结合实地考察,对石斛类药材的名称、基原、产地、采收加工、炮制进行考证,为含该类药材经典名方的开发提供依据。历代所用石斛的基原以铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale、霍山石斛D.huoshanense为代表的石上着生,形短肉实,富含黏液的石斛种类,因铁皮石斛D.officinale分布较广,当为历代石斛最主流的基原;木斛与石斛相对而言,因其生于树上,质地松泡,长而中虚,根据特征描述则当为石斛D.nobile、流苏石斛D.fimbriatum等,其中以D.nobile为木斛的主流。“金钗”在历代本草中文义混乱,不宜作为植物名处理;历代关于石斛的产区随着品种的发现、人工栽培等因素而呈现转移的情况,最早汉魏时期著录的是安徽六安一带,唐宋以来扩展到广东、广西地区,且认为“广南者为佳”,明代则较为推崇川产、浙产,清代则推崇霍山所产;石斛历代均以茎入药,药材分为鲜品与干品,鲜品采挖后除去根茎泥沙即用,干品需进一步加工,多以酒为辅料,进行蒸制、熬膏或煎煮入药。铁皮石斛、霍山石斛自清代中期以来形成特殊的加工规格,即“枫斗”。根据考证结果,鉴于经典名方甘露饮功效以清热为主,可选择偏于清热、呈苦味的石斛D.nobile;地黄饮子中石斛以补益为主,可选择铁皮石斛D.officinale或霍山石斛D.huoshanense。Through consulting the ancient herbal and medical books,combined with the field investigation,the name,origin,collection and processing of Dendrobium medicinal materials were researched,which provided a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing this kind of herbs.Due to the wide distribution of D.officinale,the Dendrobium species represented by D.officinale and D.huoshanense,which are short,fleshy and rich in mucus,should be the most mainstream of Dendrobium medicinal materials in previous dynasties.Compared with Shihu,Muhu with loose texture,long and hollow is born on trees.According to the characteristic description,it should be D.nobile,D.fimbriatum and so on,of which D.nobile was the mainstream.The Chinese meaning of Jinchai was confused in the past dynasties,so it was not suitable to be treated as a plant name.The production areas of Dendrobium medicinal materials in the past dynasties have changed with the discovery of varieties,artificial cultivation and other factors.Lu’an,Anhui province,was the earliest recorded in the Han and Wei dynasties.Since the Tang and Song dynasties,it had been extended to Guangdong and Guangxi,and it was considered that"Dendrobii Caulis in Guangnan was the best".In the Ming dynasty,Sichuan and Zhejiang products were highly praised,and in the Qing dynasty,Huoshan products were highly praised.Dendrobium medicinal materials had been used as medicine by stems in all dynasties.The medicinal materials were divided into fresh products and dry products.The fresh products can be used immediately after removing the sediment from the roots.The dry products need further processing,most of them used wine as auxiliary materials for steaming,simmer to paste or decoction into medicine.D.officinale and D.huoshanense have special processing specifications since the middle of Qing dynasty,that is,"Fengdou".According to the research results,in Ganluyin,the effect of Dendrobium medicinal materials is mainly heat clearing,and D.nobile with bitter taste can be selected.The ma

关 键 词：经典名方 石斛 枫斗 本草考证 道地性 基原 炮制方法 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R932[医药卫生—中医学]