经典名方中泽泻的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Alismatis Rhizoma in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：王艺涵 赵佳琛 翁倩倩 金艳[1] 张卫[3] 彭华胜[1] 蔡秋杰[4] 李兵[3] 杨洪军[5] 张华敏[3] 詹志来 WANG Yi-han;ZHAO Jia-chen;WENG Qian-qian;JIN Yan;ZHANG Wei;PENG Hua-sheng;CAI Qiu-jie;LI Bing;YANG Hong-jun;ZHANG Hua-min;ZHAN Zhi-lai(National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Academician Workstation of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700 [2]江西中医药大学院士工作站,南昌330004 [3]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [4]中国中医科学院中医药发展研究中心,北京100700 [5]中国中医科学院,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第10期229-237,共9页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书等文献,对古代泽泻药材的名称、基原、产地、采收加工及炮制的历史沿革进行系统的本草考证,为包含该药材的经典名方开发提供依据。经考证,古代泽泻药材主流基原为泽泻Alisma plantago-aquatica及东方泽泻A.orientale。文献著录泽泻最早的产区为今河南一带,之后陕西汉中成为泽泻的优质产区;自明代以来产地扩展至福建,清代时福建建瓯为泽泻的道地产区,民国时泽泻产区增加了四川及江西。基于考证结果,建议经典名方中所用泽泻药材可采用福建、江西等地所产东方泽泻A.orientale或四川等地所产泽泻A.plantago-aquatica的干燥块茎。古代泽泻药材炮制方法多为酒制,当代多数标准及规范中已不再收录酒泽泻的炮制规格,盐泽泻虽为现代常用,但其发展时期较晚,清代才成为泽泻的主流炮制品种之一。参考《古代经典名方关键信息考证原则》与《古代经典名方关键信息表(7首方剂)》,建议经典名方中未明确注明炮制要求的泽泻药材以生品入药,注明炮制要求的处方根据方义选择盐制、酒制等炮制品入药。In this study,name,origin,producing areas,harvesting time and processing methods of ancient Alismatis Rhizoma were systematically researched by consulting the literature of ancient herbs,medical and prescription books,so as to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formula containing this herb.According to textual research,the main base of ancient Alismatis Rhizoma was Alisma plantago-aquatica and A.orientale.A.canaliculatum and A.gramineum and other genera were sometimes used as the source of Alismatis Rhizoma,there was a confusion of medicinal varieties.The earliest producing area of Alismatis Rhizoma was in today’s Henan province,and later Hanzhong,Shaanxi province,became the high-quality producing area of Alismatis Rhizoma.Since the Ming dynasty,its production area expanded to Fujian.In the Qing dynasty,Jian’ou in Fujian was the authentic production area of Alismatis Rhizoma.In the period of the Republic of China,Sichuan and Jiangxi were added to the production areas of Alismatis Rhizoma.Based on the research results,it is suggested that the dried tubers of A.orientale from Fujian and Jiangxi or A.plantagoaquatica from Sichuan should be used in the famous classical formulas.In ancient times,Alismatis Rhizoma was processed by wine,but most of the standards and specifications in modern times are no longer included the processing specifications of Alismatis Rhizoma with wine.Although salt-processed Alismatis Rhizoma is commonly used in modern times,it didn’t become one of the main processing methods until the Qing dynasty.According to the relevant national documents,it is suggested that Alismatis Rhizoma without clear processing requirements in famous classical formulas should be used as raw products,and the formulas with processing requirements should be selected as processed products such as salt and wine according to the meaning of the formulas.

关 键 词：经典名方 泽泻 基原 道地性 炮制 本草考证 品质评价 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R932[医药卫生—中医学]