经典名方中黄连的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Coptidis Rhizoma in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：张楚楚 刘思鸿[1] 李莎莎[1] 董燕[1] 张华敏[2] 张卫[2] 彭华胜[3] 蔡秋杰[4] 杨洪军[5] 李兵[2] 詹志来 ZHANG Chu-chu;LIU Si-hong;LI Sha-sha;DONG Yan;ZHANG Hua-min;ZHANG Wei;PENG Hua-sheng;CAI Qiu-jie;YANG Hong-jun;LI Bing;ZHAN Zhi-lai(Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Research Center for TCM Development,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中医药信息研究所,北京100700 [2]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [3]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700 [4]中国中医科学院中医药发展研究中心,北京100700 [5]中国中医科学院,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第10期275-285,共11页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);中国中医科学院基本科研业务费自主选题(ZZ13-027);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-YQ-129);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。

摘　　要：通过历代本草古籍的梳理,对经典名方中黄连药材的名称、基原、药用部位、产地、质量评价、采收加工、炮制方法进行本草考证。经考证可知,毛茛科植物黄连在唐宋以前的主流品种有黄连Coptis chinensis、短萼黄连C.chinensis var.brevisepala,明清以后三角叶黄连C.deltoidea,云连C.teeta和峨眉黄连C.omeiensis亦渐受推崇。古代黄连的道地产区具有逐渐西移特点,早期多推崇东部黄连,后期则推崇西部之鸡爪连,早期的西部黄连可能来源于黄连及同属植物,而鸡爪连则为栽培品,至今未发现有野生品。历代本草古籍中黄连存在多基原混用的情况,鉴于云连、三角叶黄连当前市场资源不足,短萼黄连及峨眉黄连亦属于濒危保护植物的现状,结合历代用药主流及资源情况,建议选择黄连C.chinensis作为经典名方入药基原。黄连古代存在炒制、酒制、姜制、蜜制等炮制方法,在经典名方开发过程中应结合原方出处记载及药味炮制要求选定适宜的黄连炮制规格。Through the combing of ancient books of Chinese herbal medicine in the past dynasties,a textual research of Coptidis Rhizoma involved the name,origin,medicinal parts,producing area,quality evaluation,harvesting and processing methods in famous classical formulas was conducted in this paper.After textual research,the mainstream varieties of Coptidis Rhizoma in the Ranunculaceae family before Tang and Song dynasties were Coptis chinensis and C.chinensis var.brevisepala,after the Ming and Qing dynasties,C.deltoidea,C.teeta and C.omeiensis were gradually praised.In ancient times,the authentic producing area of Coptidis Rhizoma has the characteristics of gradually moving to the west.The eastern Coptidis Rhizoma was highly praised in the early stage,while in the later stage,western Coptidis Rhizoma like chicken feet was highly praised.In the early stage,western Coptidis Rhizoma probably originated from C.chinensis and its genus,while Coptidis Rhizoma like chicken feet was cultivated,and no wild species has been found so far.As Coptidis Rhizoma has mixed use of multiple origins in ancient books of past dynasties,based on the current shortage of market resources in C.teeta and C.deltoidea,there are also endangered and protected plants of C.chinensis var.brevisepala and C.omeiensis,combined with the mainstream medicines and resources of past generations,it is recommended to choose C.chinensis as the base of the formulas.In ancient times,there were many processing methods for Coptidis Rhizoma,such as frying and wine-,ginger-,honey-processed.In the process of developing famous classical formulas,the appropriate processing specifications of Coptidis Rhizoma should be selected based on the original source records and the requirements of the medicinal material.

关 键 词：经典名方 黄连 本草考证 基原 炮制 道地药材 采收加工 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] G254[医药卫生—中医学]