经典名方中大枣的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Jujubae Fructus in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：钱锦秀 孟武威 刘晖晖 陈世彬 赵佳琛 王艺涵 金艳[1] 张卫[4] 彭华胜[1] 蔡秋杰[5] 李兵[4] 杨洪军[6] 张华敏[4] 詹志来 QIAN Jin-xiu;MENG Wu-wei;LIU Hui-hui;CHEN Shi-bin;ZHAO Jia-chen;WANG Yi-han;JIN Yan;ZHANG Wei;PENG Hua-sheng;CAI Qiu-jie;LI Bing;YANG Hong-jun;ZHANG Hua-min;ZHAN Zhi-lai(National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Bozhou Jingwan Chinese Herbal Medicine Factory,Bozhou 236800,China;China Resources Sanjiu Medical&Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.,Shenzhen 518110,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700 [2]亳州市京皖中药饮片厂,安徽亳州236800 [3]华润三九医药股份有限公司,广东深圳518110 [4]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [5]中国中医科学院中医药发展研究中心,北京100700 [6]中国中医科学院,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第10期296-305,共10页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。

摘　　要：笔者通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书、经史等文献,对古代经典名方中所用大枣药材的名称、基原、产地、采收加工、炮制历史沿革及变迁情况进行了系统的本草考证,为经典名方开发中涉及该药材的取样及研究提供依据。经考证可知,大枣名称众多,多以性状特征或产地命名,入药统称为大枣。历代本草中大枣的主流品种一直为枣Ziziphus jujuba,无刺枣(变种)Z.jujuba var.inemmis也有使用,考虑到两者差异不明显,现代可将大枣的基原定为枣Z.jujuba及无刺枣(变种)Z.jujuba var.inemmis。我国大枣的种质资源丰富,全国各地多有分布,历代本草中记载青州(今山东)、晋州(今山西)、绛州(今山西)、蒲州(今山西)的大枣质优,尤其以山东大枣为优。21世纪初,新疆种植大枣逐渐发展起来,目前市场认可度较高,成为优质大枣的新兴产区。大枣采收期多为8月,与现今基本一致。古今炮制方法均以简单净制后干燥为主。通过考证,建议经典名方使用的大枣药材以山东、山西等传统优质大枣产区为主,加工炮制方法遵循2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》进行简单净制干燥即可。This paper made a systematic textual research on the historical evolution and changes of the name,origin,producing area,harvesting and processing methods of Jujubae Fructus used in famous classical formulas by referring to the ancient literature,so as to provide a basis for the sampling and research of the formulas containing the medicinal materials.According to textual research,there are many names of Jujubae Fructus,most of which are named by characters or producing areas,which are called Dazao.Ziziphus jujuba has always been the mainstream variety in all dynasties,and Z.jujuba var.inemmis has also been used.Considering that the differences between the two are not obvious,we can use Z.jujuba and Z.jujuba var.inemmis as the origins of Dazao.The germplasm resources of Jujubae Fructus are rich,which are distributed all over the country.Qingzhou(now Shandong),Jinzhou(now Shanxi)Jiangzhou(now Shanxi),Puzhou(now Shanxi)have been recorded as authentic producing areas of Jujubae Fructus in the past dynasties,especially in Shandong.At the beginning of the 21stcentury,the planting of Jujubae Fructus in Xinjiang gradually developed,and now has a high market recognition,becoming an emerging production area of high-quality samples.Harvest period of Jujubae Fructus is mostly August in the past dynasties,and this is basically the same as today.The main processing method is simple cleansing and drying.Through textual research,it is suggested that Jujubae Fructus in famous classical formulas should be mainly from Shandong,Shanxi and other traditional high-quality producing areas,the processing method should follow the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia for simple cleansing and drying.

关 键 词：经典名方 大枣 基原 产地 采收加工 炮制 本草考证 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] G254[医药卫生—中医学]