孔子天道思想的形而上学敞开特征  

The Metaphysics Often Feature of Confucius’ Manifestation of God’s Will

作　　者：唐代兴[1] Tang Daixing

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学,四川成都610066

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2022年第3期30-43,155,共15页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“以伦理为视角通解《论语》”(项目编号:19FZXB025)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以道德哲学、政治哲学、知识论、学而教育和人性论为基本内容的孔子哲学,虽极具经验主义个性,但内在支撑却是敞开存在的本体之问的形而上学思想。孔子的本体论构成王道依据和文道源泉的天道。孔子以“天”论道,实以具体“事件”讲述呈现蕴含于该“事件”中的宇宙、自然、天地的自在之理和敞开之道:孔子考信“唯天为大,唯尧则之”的历史,发现宇宙运行的“唯公唯正”律令;然后从“四时”“百物”相向敞开互为生成中发现自然世界的生生法则;最后借“江河”“松柏”讲述天地运行中生命万物生生不息的限度法则和恒存坚守法则。孔子通过“事件的本体论”的存在之问,既为“以仁入礼”的文道救世理想立法,亦为以“仁德-公道”为总准则的生存哲学提供形上认知基础和本体论基石。Although Confucius’ philosophy which contains morality, politics, epistemology, education of Xue Er and anthroposophy extremely possesses the features of the empiricism, its inner sustainment is the metaphysics thought of the often existence of the noumenon questioning. Confucius’ ontology constitutes the basis of the Kingly Way and the resource of the Civil Administration. Confucius studies on the Way with the Heaven by narrating specific cases, actually he presents the axiom and the often Way of the cosmos, nature, heaven and earth which were contained in the cases. He pursued the history of the truth-Only is the Heaven the Greatest & Only did Emperor Yao Follow the Rule. He finds the law of universe’s running-Only Justice and Righteousness;then discovers the law of life and growth in the nature from the phenomenon that the Four Seasons and all Creatures are opening face to face and generating through interactions;finally, he uses the Rivers and the Pine and Cypress for narrating the laws of limitation, perpetuity and perseverance from the fact that life and creatures are in a continuous reproduction breed state. By seeking for the existence through the Case-Ontology, not only does Confucius radicate the principles for his ideality of governing the country by civil administration through the Ritual cored with Humaneness, but also provides metaphysical cognition foundation and ontology corner stone to his philosophy of existence which takes the rule of Benevolence-Justice as the general principle.

关 键 词：天道思想 事件的本体论 唯公唯正 生生法则 恒存坚守 

分 类 号：B222.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]