不同养殖模式对草鱼的营养与食用品质的影响  

Effects of different aquaculture mode on nutritional quality and eating quality of grass carp

作　　者：温利 田明礼 安玥琦 李温蓉 李大鹏[3] 刘茹 熊善柏[1,3] WEN Li;TIAN Mingli;AN Yueqi;LI Wenrong;LI Dapeng;LIU Ru;XIONG Shanbai(College of Food Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University/National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing(Wuhan),Wuhan 430070,China;Hunan Xiweijia Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Yueyang 414000,China;Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学食品科学技术学院/国家大宗淡水鱼加工技术研发分中心(武汉),武汉430070 [2]湖南喜味佳生物科技有限公司,岳阳414000 [3]长江经济带大宗水生生物产业绿色发展教育部工程研究中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第3期244-251,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-45-28)。

摘　　要：为探究不同养殖模式对草鱼营养品质和食用品质的影响,选用2种养殖模式(普通池塘养殖和种植青草养殖)下的草鱼为材料,分析其肌肉品质(色度、质构、蒸煮损失)、营养成分(氨基酸和脂肪酸组成及含量)和特征风味(游离氨基酸、游离脂肪酸、核苷酸及其降解产物和挥发性风味物质)之间的差异。结果显示,与普通养殖草鱼相比,种植青草养殖草鱼肌肉的白度、质构特性和持水力均有所提高,提升了草鱼肉的色泽以及口感;且种植青草养殖草鱼肌肉中必需氨基酸和n-3、n-6系列不饱和脂肪酸含量更高,使其营养品质更高;此外,种植青草养殖草鱼中带有异味的1-己醇、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇和辛醛含量显著低于普通养殖草鱼,鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸等呈味氨基酸含量则更高,具有更佳的食用品质。结果表明,种植青草养殖草鱼的营养和食用品质更优于普通养殖。Grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)in two farming modes were selected as materials,the differences between the muscle quality(color,texture,and cooking loss),nutritional components(com⁃position of amino acids and fatty acids),and flavor properties(free amino acids,free fatty acids,nucleotide and its degradation products,and volatile aroma compounds)were analyzed to explore the influence of aqua⁃culture mode on the nutritional quality and eating quality of grass carp.Compared with ordinary pond farm⁃ing,planting grass farming improved the color,textural properties,water holding capacity and mouthfeel of grass carp muscle.The muscle from grass carp cultured by planting grass contained higher essential amino acids and n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA,enhancing the nutritional quality of grass carp.Additionally,the con⁃tents of odorous compounds such as 1-hexanol,nonanal,1-octen-3-ol and octanal were significantly lower in grass carp cultured by planting grass than those in the grass carp cultured in ordinary pond.Moreover,the contents of amino acids with umami and sweet tastes were higher in grass carp cultured by planting grass,improving the edible quality of grass carp.In conclusion,grass carp cultured by planting grass owned better nutritional and edible qualities than that by ordinary pond farming.

关 键 词：草鱼 种植青草养殖 池塘养殖 营养成分 风味 食用品质 

分 类 号：S964[农业科学—水产养殖]