小半径曲线钢轨侧磨减缓措施及其对滚动接触疲劳影响研究  

Side wear and rolling contact fatigue of rails on small radius curves

作　　者：李星 吴少培 王相平 吴步昊 王红兵 李国芳[1] LI Xing;WU Shaopei;WANG Xiangping;WU Buhao;WANG Hongbing;LI Guofang(School of Mechanical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2022年第5期1155-1167,共13页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(12162020,11962013,11732014);甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目(20JR10RA238);甘肃省高校大学生就业创业能力提升工程项目(2021);甘肃省教育厅优秀研究生“创新之星”项目(2021CXZX-583)。

摘　　要：为了减缓高速铁路小半径曲线钢轨侧磨严重的问题,运用多体动力学理论建立车辆系统动力学模型,采用Kik-Piotrowski模型模拟轮轨接触。基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型、Archard材料磨损模型、Hertz垂向理论和Fastrip切向接触理论并利用MATLAB编制钢轨磨耗预测程序,从曲线半径、轮缘润滑及轮轨材料合理选取3种措施分析其对钢轨磨耗的影响,并分析曲线半径和轮缘润滑对钢轨滚动接触疲劳的影响。研究结果表明:1)曲线半径适当增大对减缓小半径曲线中外轨侧磨具有显著作用。2)采取轮缘润滑措施后,能够明显减缓高速铁路小半径曲线外轨侧磨现象。实际运营中,在外轨的轨距角附近或车轮轮缘侧适当涂油润滑,可以减缓钢轨侧磨现象。3)适当增大轮轨材料硬度对外轨侧磨有明显改善作用,但是较大的轮轨材料硬度会加剧钢轨疲劳损伤,实际运营中应考虑兼顾钢轨疲劳损伤来寻求合理轮轨材料硬度。4)增加曲线半径及考虑轮缘润滑后,可使轮轨间最大等效接触应力显著减小。研究可为高速铁路小半径曲线钢轨疲劳损伤及提高其使用寿命提供理论依据。In order to alleviate the serious problem of rail side wear in small radius curve of high-speed railway,the vehicle dynamics model is established based on the multi-body dynamics theory,and the Kik-Piotrowski model is used to simulate the wheel-rail contact.A rail wear prediction program was compiled to exploit Matlab based on vehicle-track dynamics simulation,Archard material wear model,Hertz vertical theory and Fastrip tangential contact theory.The influence of curve radius,flange lubrication and reasonable selection of wheel/rail materials on rail wear was analyzed,and the influence of curve radius and flange lubrication on rolling contact fatigue of rail was analyzed.The results are as follows.1)the appropriate increase of curve radius has a significant indigenous effect on slowing down the external rail side wear of small radius curve.2)The wheel flange lubrication measures can obviously slow down the side wear of the outer track of the small radius curve of the high-speed railway.In actual operation,it is necessary to apply oil lubrication near the distance angle of outer rail or the wheel rim to slow down the rail side wear.3)Increasing the hardness of wheel/rail materials appropriately can significantly improve the lateral wear of external rail,but the larger hardness of wheel/rail materials will aggravate the fatigue damage of rail.In actual operation,the fatigue damage of rail should be taken into account to seek reasonable hardness of wheel/rail materials.4)The maximum equivalent contact stress between wheel and rail can be significantly reduced by increasing the curve radius and considering the flange lubrication,which can provide a theoretical basis for the fatigue damage of small radius curve rail of high speed railway and improving its service life.

关 键 词：高速铁路 小半径曲线 钢轨 磨耗 滚动接触疲劳 

分 类 号：U213.42[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]