新疆产黄甘草叶绿体基因组特征及甘草属药用植物叶绿体基因组比较与系统发育分析  

Characteristics of the chloroplast genome of Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li from Xinjiang with comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genomes of the medicinal plants of Glycyrrhiza

作　　者：张洁 陆嘉惠 王倩倩 刘梦楠 徐可 ZHANG Jie;LU Jia-hui;WANG Qian-qian;LIU Meng-nan;XU Ke(College of Life Sciences,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization,Ministry of Education,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;Licorice Research Institute of Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆植物药资源利用教育部重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]石河子大学甘草研究所,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《药学学报》2022年第5期1516-1525,共10页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31760046)。

摘　　要：黄甘草为甘草属药用植物资源,常混于道地甘草药材中。本研究利用Illumina高通量测序技术对黄甘草叶绿体全基因组进行测序,完成其物理图谱绘制和基因组特征解析,并与甘草、胀果甘草、光果甘草进行比较基因组学分析,构建甘草属的系统进化树。黄甘草叶绿体基因组基因组全长127864 bp,GC含量34.25%,由一个大单拷贝区(large single copy,LSC)、一个小单拷贝区(small single copy,SSC)构成,基因组缺失反向重复IR区,属于IRLC群体;共注释得到110个基因,包括76个蛋白编码基因、30个tRNA基因和4个rRNA基因。MISA共检测出301个SSRs,富含A-T重复。黄甘草叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性较弱,密码子偏向使用A和T这两种碱基。通过同源性比对,筛选出黄甘草的3个特异性基因片段。基于Pi分析获得药用甘草植物6个新的高突变区(psbZ~psbC、trnC-GCA~rpoB、trnR-UCU~trnG-UCC、ycf2、trnN-GUU~ycf1、ndhA)。系统发育分析结果支持新疆产黄甘草为与三种药用甘草关系密切的种间杂交类群,同域分布的胀果甘草是其父本。本研究为甘草属药用植物正伪品的分类鉴定、药材特异DNA指纹开发和遗传多样性、分子植物育种等研究奠定基础。Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li is a medicinal plant resource and is often mixed with traditional licorice herbs.We sequenced the chloroplast genome of Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology,and physical mapping and genomic characterization was carried out.Comparative genomic analysis was performed with Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat and Glycyrrhiza glabra L.The Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li chloroplast genome was 127864 bp long with 34.25%GC content,consisting of a large single copy and a small single copy.The genome was missing the inverted repeat(IR)region.A total of 110genes were annotated,including 76 protein-coding genes,30 tRNA genes,and 4 rRNA genes.The 301 SSRs,rich in A-T repeats,were detected by MISA.The Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li chloroplast genome showed weak codon preference,and the codons were biased to use A and T bases.Three specific gene fragments of Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li were characterized by homology comparison.Based on Pi analysis,six new high mutation regions(psbZpsbC,trnC-GCA-rpoB,trnR-UCU-trnG-UCC,ycf2,trnN-GUU-ycf1,ndhA)of medicinal licorice species were determined.The results of phylogenetic analysis indicate that Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P.C.Li from Xinjiang is an interspecific hybrid taxon closely related to the three medicinal licorice species,and Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat,which is distributed in the same domain,is its male parent.Based on this study,the taxonomic identification,herb-specific DNA fingerprint development,genetic diversity,and molecular plant breeding of medicinal plants of the genus Glycyrrhiza can be established.

关 键 词：黄甘草 甘草属 比较基因组 系统发育 

分 类 号：R931[医药卫生—生药学]