中西医汇通先驱明遗民祝石考论  

The Forgotten Pioneer Who Integrated Chinese and Western Medicines:A Study on Zhu Shi, a Remnant of the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：陈拓 余新忠[1] Chen Tuo;Yu Xinzhong

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300350

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期48-59,共12页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA175)。

摘　　要：医史学家范行准将王宏翰誉为“中国第一接受西说之医家”,实则明遗民祝石接受西洋医学比王宏翰更早。祝石不仅与艾儒略、卫匡国、利类思、南怀仁等耶稣会士来往密切,而且成功将多明我会士引入浙江兰溪。他曾参与校刊多部汉文西学文献,包含丰富西洋医学知识的《形神实义》,即其中之一。在自撰医学论著《录医》中,祝石公开宣扬西洋解剖学,抨击中国传统医学,拉开了中西医论争的序幕。他运用西洋蒸露法等在社会名流中广泛行医,得到钱谦益、陈维崧等学者的高度认可。周笙曾将祝石的医方收入《医林口谱六治秘书》中,王宏翰也很可能参考过祝石的医学论著。祝石是一位被遗忘的中西医汇通先驱。The medical historian Fan Xingzhun praised Wang Honghan(1648-?)as“the first Chinese doctor who accepted Western medicine”.Nevertheless,the Ming remnant Zhu Shi(1602-post-1689)accepted it earlier.Zhu Shi not only had close interactions with Jesuits such as Giulio Aleni,Martino Martini,Lodovico Buglio,and Ferdinand Verbicst,but also sussfully introduced Dominicans to Lanxi in Zhejiang province He participated in the editing and publica-tion of several Chinese Christian texts,one of which was Xingshen Shiyi(形神实义)that contained rich knowledge of Western medicine.In his own medical treatise,Luvi(录医),Zhu Shi publicly promoted Western anatomy and criticized traditional Chinese medicine,which initiated the debate between Chinese and Western medicine.He w idely conducted Western medical practices with methods such as steaming flower dew to treat social elites,and was highly commended by scholars such as Qian Qianyi and Chen Weisong.The famous doctor Zhou Sheng included Zhu Shi's medical pre-scription in his Yilin Koupu Liuzhi Mishuu(医林口谱六治秘书).Likewise,Wang Honghan may have rerred to Zhu Shi's medical works.As such,Zhu Shi was a forgotten pioneer who integrated Chinese and Western medicine.

关 键 词：祝石 西洋医学 天主教 中西文化交流 明遗民 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]