火灾调查中的关键要素演变及逆向推演  

Key Factors about Fire Investigation:Evolving Mechanism-based Utilization into Reverse Deduction

作　　者：孙振文[1] 石屹[1] 张冠男[1] 彭斯璐[1] 乔婷[1,2] 王萍[1,3] 解鹏达[1] 王明直 SUN Zhenwen;SHI Yi;ZHANG Guannan;PENG Silu;QIAO Ting;WANG Ping;XIE Pengda;WANG Mingzhi(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China;China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China;People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心,北京100038 [2]中国政法大学,北京100088 [3]中国人民公安大学,北京100038

出　　处：《刑事技术》2022年第3期261-267,共7页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0803808);公安部科技强警基础工作专项(2020GABJC17);公安理论及软科学研究计划(2019LLYJWZZX073);中国工程院咨询研究项目(2020-XY-28)。

摘　　要：现场是火灾调查的起点,现场勘查是火灾调查的核心环节,火灾现场勘查核心任务是查明起火部位、起火点、起火时间和起火原因。本文根据火与物、火与人的相互作用及其随时间和空间发生变化的过程,系统梳理了火灾痕迹、物证、人员以及媒介电子证据四类关键要素的演变规律,并围绕现场勘查终极目标,论述了四类要素逆向推演机理及其在起火部位、起火点、起火时间、起火原因分析中的应用,旨在为火灾调查人员更加科学准确地开展现场勘查工作提供借鉴和参考。For fi re investigation,scene is the origin and the relevant investigation is the core.The key task of fi re scene investigation is to fi nd out the bound/site of fi re origin,ignition time and fi re cause.Based on the interaction between fi re and object or human involved,together with their changing with time and space,four key factors were here summarized about fi re scenes:fi re patterns,evidential materials,involved people and available electronic evidence.Such the key factors were systematically scrutinized into their evolving mechanism with fi re development.Focused on the goal of scene investigation,discussions were deliberated about the utilization of the uncovered evolving mechanism into reverse deduction so that the assistance could be offered for analysis of the bound/site of fire origin,ignition time and fire cause,aiming to provide a reference for fi re investigators to carry out fi re scene investigation more scientifi cally and accurately.

关 键 词：火灾 现场勘查 要素演变 逆向推演 

分 类 号：DF793.5[政治法律—诉讼法学]