玉米秸秆降解真菌的筛选鉴定  

Screening and Identification of Fungi for Maize Straw Degradation

作　　者：张艳萍[1] 赵瑛[1] 张运晖[1] ZHANG Yanping;ZHAO Ying;ZHANG Yunhui(Institute of Biotechnology,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院生物技术研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业科技》2022年第5期55-59,共5页Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划项目(2020GAAS29)。

摘　　要：为筛选适宜的玉米秸秆纤维素降解菌株作为玉米秸秆腐熟菌剂菌株资源储备,通过采用腐殖玉米秸秆土壤微生物培养筛选、刚果红水解圈测试及酶活测定等多种方法的应用,筛选得到2株具有纤维降解能力的真菌1#菌株和2#菌株。经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,初步确定1#菌株为长枝木霉,2#菌株为聚多曲霉。真菌1#菌株和2#菌株在刚果红培养基上均呈现比生长圈大2倍的水解圈。2个菌株在液体、固体2种酶液发酵情况下均表现内切酶活较强(65.202~217.614 U/mL),均高于外切酶活(55.398~85.322 U/mL)和滤纸酶活(46.074~141.366 U/mL),认为这2个菌株可作为玉米秸秆专用腐熟菌剂研发的储备菌株。In order to screen cellulose-degrading strains for maize straw as the reserve of decomposing agents,in this study,a variety of methods such as screening medium with only corn stalk powder,congo red hydrolytic circle test and enzyme activity determination were used toscreen out two strains 1#and 2#with fiber degradation ability.After morphological and molecular identification,strain 1#was Trichodema longibrachiatum and strain 2#was Aspergillus sydowii.Two fungi showed hydrolytic circles twice larger than growth circles on congo red medium.Through liquid and solid fermentation,two fungi showed stronger endonuclease activity(65.202 to 217.614 U/mL)than exonuclease activity(55.398 to 85.322 U/mL)and filter paper activity(46.074~141.366 U/mL),two fungi could be used as reserve strains for developing special decomposing agent of maize straw.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 降解 真菌 菌株 纤维素 筛选 鉴定 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]