元代丧服制度与多元丧礼文化交融  

The integration of the mourning dress system and diverse funeral culture in the Yuan Dynasty

作　　者：张钰铭 ZHANG Yuming(School of History and Culture, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,北京100081

出　　处：《河南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第4期98-103,共6页Journal of Henan Polytechnic University:Social Sciences

摘　　要：丧礼作为中国古代传统社会“五礼”之一,在传统礼仪中占据着重要位置,其中,丧服制度作为丧礼文化中最重要的一部分,一直为世人所恪守。进入元朝后,汉人丧礼文化并未被蒙古统治者废止,其中丁忧制度被吸纳成为统治手段之一,丧服制度在官方层面被正式确立下来。在民间,汉人丧礼发生由厚葬到简丧的变化,丧服在宋代制式基础上进行了简化,蒙古、色目人中出现了穿丧服为亲守孝者。这些现象的出现一方面源于以朱子理学为代表的儒学对元代社会的影响,当时丧礼文化与丧服制度基本沿袭自宋代,斩衰、齐衰、大功、小功、缌麻等丧服与宋时基本保持一致。另一方面汉人丧礼文化在改变蒙古、色目人丧礼习惯的同时,受到蒙古薄葬简丧风俗影响,丧礼逐渐由厚至薄。在多族群共存的元代社会中,丧礼文化出现的多元交融趋势促进了多样性中华文明的形成。Funeral ceremony, one of the “five ceremonies” in ancient Chinese traditional society, occupies an important position in traditional etiquette. As the most important part of funeral culture, mourning dress system has been scrupulously observed by Chinese people. Funerals were not abolished by the Mongolian rulers during the Yuan Dynasty. “Dingyou”, which means being in mourning for parents’ death, was absorbed by the ruler as one of the ruling means, and the mourning dress system was formally established officially. In folk culture, the Han funeral changed from complex to simple, and the mourning dress was simplified on the basis of the system in the Song Dynasty. Mongolians and Semians appeared to wear mourning clothes for their families and relatives. On the one hand, these phenomena originated from the influence of Confucianism represented by Zhuzi’s Neo-Confucianism on the Yuan society. At that time, the funeral culture and mourning dress system basically inherited from the Song Dynasty. The mourning attire such as Zhan Cui, Qi Cui, Da Gong, Xiao Gong, and Si Ma were basically the same as those of the Song Dynasty. On the other hand, when the funeral culture of the Han ethnic group changed the funeral customs of Mongolians and Semians, it was also influenced by the Mongolian custom of simple funeral and gradually became simpler. In the society where multi-ethnic groups coexisted, the funeral culture also had a trend of integration which promoted the formation of diverse Chinese civilization.

关 键 词：元代 丧礼文化 丧服制度 多元文化交融 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]