被害人同意体系地位的历史考察  

A Historical Review of the Status of the Victim Consent System

作　　者：吴璇 WU Xuan

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期121-134,共14页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“犯罪化的理论体系与实践机制研究”(21AFX010)。

摘　　要：被害人同意理论作为公民自决权在刑法中的体现,是近代社会刑法中实现去罪化的重要理论之一,其具有较为悠久的历史,最早可以追溯到罗马法时期,近现代以来对其研究不断深入,在当代其适用表现出扩大的趋势,期间刑法对被害人同意效力和体系地位等内容的认定在不同历史时期表现出不同特点。在历史演进的基础上,当代学界对于被害人同意的正当化依据有社会相当性说、法益放弃和保护放弃说以及优越利益保护说等不同观点,其中结合被害人自决意识与社会规范的优越利益保护说更为合理。在对其体系内容进行认定的基础上,应注意被害人同意理论反映出家长主义与自我决定权等重要因素的影响,更加重视被害人同意理论体系地位的规范考察。As the embodiment of the citizen's right to self-determination in criminal law,the victim's consent theory is one of the important theories to realize decriminalization in modern social criminal law.It has a relatively long history and can be traced back to the Roman law period.In contemporary times,its application shows a trend of expansion.During the period,the determination of the validity of the victim's consent and the status of the system in the criminal law showed different characteristics in different historical periods.On the basis of historical evolution,contemporary academic circles have different viewpoints on the justification of victim consent,such as social equivalence theory,legal interest waiver and protection waiver theory,and superior interests protection theory.It is more reasonable to combine the victim's sense of selfdetermination with the protection of superior interests of social norms.On the basis of identifying the content of its system,it should be noted that the victim consent theory reflects the influence of important factors such as paternalism and self-determination,and more attention should be paid to the normative investigation of the status of the victim consent theory system.

关 键 词：被害人同意 被害人承诺 公民自决权 法律家长主义 社会相当性 优越利益保护 法益放弃说 保护放弃说 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]