论亚里士多德的至善幸福观——基于对“幸福悖论”的伦理思考  

On the Concept of Perfect Happiness of Aristotle—Ethical Thinking Based on the“Happiness Paradox”

作　　者：袁玖林 YUAN Jiulin

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学哲学学院

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期146-153,共8页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：黑龙江大学2021年研究生创新科研项目“基于生态美德的好生活重建研究”(YJSCX2021-012HLJU)。

摘　　要：对现代人来说,如何解决伊斯特林提出的“幸福悖论”是一个时代难题,而在德性伦理复兴的今天,回到亚里士多德的至善幸福观是思考这一问题的明智选择。在《尼各马可伦理学》中,亚里士多德从人所特有的理性活动和对目的善的追求出发,将幸福定义为合乎德性的现实活动;他接着考察了人们现实活动中追求的享乐、政治和沉思的生活,认为对快乐、权力、荣誉等属人的善进行追求的合乎德性的现实活动,即属人的幸福,不具有完满自足性;而后他又从目的善追求的完满自足性出发,将以思辨活动为表征的沉思幸福定义为第一幸福、最高幸福、至善幸福,揭示了从属人的幸福走向沉思的逻辑必然性,为人们追求幸福的终极目标指明了道路。For modern people,it is a difficult problem of the times that how to solve the“happiness paradox”proposed by Easterlin.However,it is a wise choice to use Aristotle's view of happiness to analyze this issue with the revival of Virtue Ethics.In Nicomachean Ethics,Aristotle defines happiness as a practical activity in line with virtue,based on the unique rational activities of human beings and the pursuit of good ends.Then,he examines the three main ways of life in people's real life and believes that human happiness is not fully self-sufficient,such as the pursuit of pleasure,power,honor and virtue.Finally,starting from the self-satisfaction of people's pursuit of good purpose,Aristotle defines contemplative happiness as the highest perfect happiness,reveals the logical inevitability of subordinate people's happiness to contemplation,and points out the way for people to pursue the ultimate goal of happiness.

关 键 词：幸福悖论 伊斯特林 至善幸福观 亚里士多德 属人的幸福 沉思的幸福 思辨活动 目的善 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]