绵阳地区儿童灾害知识培训需求调查及对策建议  

Investigation on the training needs of disaster knowledge for primary and middle school students in Mianyang area and Countermeasures

作　　者：江凤琼 李小玉 余静 张春华 徐丽[2] 杜雪梅[3] 赵小燕 王米艳 JIANG Fengqiong;LI Xiaoyu;YU Jing;ZHANG Chunhua;XU Li;DU Xuemei;ZHAO Xiaoyan;WANG Miyan(Mianyang Central Hospital,School of Medicine,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Mianyang Sichuan 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学医学院附属绵阳医院·绵阳市中心医院儿童医学中心,四川绵阳621000 [2]北川羌族自治县人民医院,四川绵阳622750 [3]江油九〇三医院儿科,四川江油621700

出　　处：《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》2022年第5期574-576,584,共4页China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine

基　　金：绵阳市社会科学界联合会2019年度市级社会科学研究规划项目(编号:MY2019YB060)。

摘　　要：目的了解绵阳地区中小学生灾害知识培训需求情况,为针对性制定科学的中小学生灾害知识培训方案提供参考,提升中小学生在灾害发生时自救互救能力及生存能力。方法通过查阅文献、咨询专家,设计调查问卷,采用多阶段抽样方法对绵阳地区县(市)级小学、初中、高中学校2162人进行调查。结果心肺复苏操作及消防栓的使用知晓率较低,分别为58.8%、57.4%,需要加强培训;中小学生灾害知识及急救技能培训途径主要是学校(占84.5%),培训方式有发放备灾手册、看动画、演示、课堂讲解、自己练习;不同年龄阶段最喜欢的培训方式不同,7~10岁是看动画(49.1%),11~14岁及14岁以上是演示(68.4%和60.4%),具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论应对中小学生灾害知识及急救技能进行常规培训;建议建设完善的科普教学设施,联合相关专业人员,针对薄弱知识和技能,根据不同年龄阶段喜欢的培训方式进行培训,以便提升培训效果,提高中小学生在灾害发生时的综合自救互救能力,减少伤亡。Objective To investigate the training needs of disaster knowledge for primary and middle school students in Mianyang area,and to provide reference for formulating scientific disaster knowledge training programs for primary and middle school students,so as to improve their self-rescue and mutual rescue ability and survival ability in the event of disaster.Methods 2162 students from county(city)primary schools,middle schools and high schools in Mianyang were surveyed by means of literature review,expert consultation,questionnaire design and multi-stage sampling.Results The awareness rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation operation and fire hydrant use was low,which were 58.8%and 57.4%respectively.Students'disaster knowledge and first-aid skills were mainly trained in schools(84.5%).The training methods included issuing disaster preparedness manuals,watching animations,demonstration,classroom explanation,and practicing by themselves.Different age groups preferred different training methods,7~10 years old was watching animation(49.1%),11~14 years old and over 14 years old was the demonstration(68.4%and 60.4%).Conclusion Conventional training of disaster knowledge and first-aid skills should be carried out for students.It is suggested to build perfect science popularization teaching facilities,and combine relevant professionals to conduct training according to the preferred training methods of different ages for weak knowledge and skills,so as to improve the training effect,improve the comprehensive self-rescue and mutual rescue ability of students in the event of disaster,and reduce casualties.

关 键 词：中小学生 灾害知识 急救技能 培训 对策 

分 类 号：R129[医药卫生—环境卫生学]