轴箱弹簧动刚度频变特性对机车振动响应影响  

Influence of Dynamic Stiffness Frequency-dependent Characteristics of Axle Box Spring on Locomotive Vibration Response

作　　者：马呈祥 陈相旺 姚远[2] 陈吉永 赵清海 MA Chengxiang;CHEN Xiangwang;YAO Yuan;CHEN Jiyong;ZHAO Qinghai(Technical Center,CRRC Datong Co Ltd,Datong Shanxi 037038,China;State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]中车大同电力机车有限公司技术中心,山西大同037038 [2]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《中国铁路》2022年第5期97-104,共8页China Railway

摘　　要：为研究轴箱弹簧频变刚度特性及其对机车振动传递特性的影响,首先建立轴箱弹簧有限元模型,分析其装车状态模态频率及动刚度频变特性。将包含弹簧质量、刚度等物理信息的柔性体模型导入机车多体动力学模型,对比传统建模的弹簧常刚度模型,研究考虑弹簧频变刚度特性后机车振动响应的差异。结果表明:轴箱弹簧动刚度在固有频率处急剧上升,1阶垂向固有频率处的动刚度突增尤为明显;考虑弹簧频变刚度特性对轴箱和车体的振动响应影响较小,对构架振动响应影响明显;在车轮高阶多边形的高频激扰下,弹簧频变刚度模型的构架振动加速度显著大于常刚度模型,在激扰频率接近弹簧1阶垂向固有频率时二者间的加速度差异最大。因此,在进行构架振动传递及动强度分析时,有必要考虑轴箱弹簧的频变特性。In order to study the frequency-dependent stiffness characteristics of the axle box spring and its influence on the locomotive vibration transmission characteristics,the finite element model of the axle box spring is first established to analyze its modal frequency under load and dynamic stiffness frequency-dependent characteristics.The flexible body model containing physical information such as spring mass and stiffness is introduced into the multi-body dynamic model of locomotive,and the difference of locomotive vibration response considering the frequency-dependent stiffness characteristics of spring is studied in contrast to the traditional constant spring stiffness model.The results show that the dynamic stiffness of axle box spring rises sharply at the natural frequency,especially at the first-order vertical natural frequency;the spring frequency dependent stiffness characteristics have little influence on the vibration response of the axle box and car body,but have a significant influence on the frame vibration response;under the high-frequency excitation of the high order wheel polygon,the frame vibration acceleration of the spring frequency-dependent stiffness model is significantly greater than that of the constant stiffness model,and when the excitation frequency is close to the first-order vertical natural frequency of the spring,the acceleration difference between them reaches the highest.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the frequency-dependent characteristics of the axle box spring in the analysis of the vibration transmission and dynamic strength of the frame.

关 键 词：机车 轴箱弹簧 刚度频变特性 车轮多边形 振动加速度 

分 类 号：U264.8[机械工程—车辆工程] U260.331.4[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]