清华简《四告》及金文中的及物状态动词“宜”  

The Transitive Verb Yi in the Tsinghua Manuscript Si Gao and Bronze Inscriptions

作　　者：任荷 蒋文[2] Ren He;Jiang Wen

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所 [2]复旦大学出土文献与古文字研究中心、“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台

出　　处：《出土文献》2022年第1期123-134,158,共13页Excavated Documents

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“‘名词动用’与上古汉语名词和动词的语义属性”(19FYYY004)的资助。

摘　　要：清华简《四告》每告之末均有"宜尔祜(嘏)福"一句,其中的"宜"如何理解尚未落实。本文以语言学的眼光对上古传世文献中"宜"的用例作了穷尽性的考察,揭示出上古汉语中及物状态动词"宜"的真正语义是"适配",具体表述为"主体能满足‘与客体适配’的要求",在句中可翻译为"适合……、与……相配"。以此认识为基础,本文指出《四告》"宜尔祜(嘏)福"之"宜"应采取同样的理解,并对各告的相关诸句给出了详细的解释。本文还指出史墙盘、■钟、秦子簋盖、虢季钟铭文中的"义"所记录的也是这个"适配"义的"宜"。The Tsinghua manuscript Si gao四告contains four different announcements,and all end with the same phrase:yi er gu fu宜尔祜福.The exact meaning of the word yi宜has yet to be revealed.After a thorough examination of the uses of yi in received pre-Qin texts from a linguistic perspective,this paper finds that the exact meaning of the transitive verb yi is“to fit”,specifically speaking,“the subject meets the requirement of fitting the object.”On this basis,this paper argues that the word yi in the Si gao manuscript also expresses the meaning“to fit”,and that the phrase yi er gu fu should be understood as“to fit the blessings you give.”Furthermore,this paper points out that the graph yi义in Western and Eastern Zhou bronze inscriptions,including the Shi qiang pan史墙盘,Xing zhong ■,Qin zi gui gai秦子簋盖,and Guo ji zhong虢季钟,should also be understood as writing the word yi“to fit.”

关 键 词：《四告》 金文 及物状态动词“宜” 词义 上古汉语 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K877.3[历史地理—历史学] H141[语言文字—汉语]