贵州芥菜型油菜苗期耐旱种质的筛选与鉴定  

Screening and Identification of Drought Tolerant Brassica juncea Germplasm of Guizhou at Seedling Stage

作　　者：黄莎 梁峰豪 王璐璐[2] 唐容 张玉玲 陆光远[1] 徐劲松[1] 张学昆[1] 张超 Huang Sha;Liang Fenghao;Wang Lulu;Tang Rong;Zhang Yuling;Lu Guangyuan;Xu Jinsong;Zhang Xuekun;Zhang Chao(Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs),Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan,430062;Guizhou Oil Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Guiyang,550006)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,武汉430062 [2]贵州省农业科学院贵州省油料研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第9期3059-3068,共10页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室2019开放课题(KF2019009);贵州省农业科学院青年科技基金项目(黔农科院青年基金[2019]06号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2019]1306号);贵州省油菜产业技术体系项目(GZCYTX2018-08)共同资助。

摘　　要：芥菜型油菜是贵州重要的油料作物之一。在山地环境种植常受到秋冬干旱的危害,影响了产量和品质,筛选和鉴定苗期耐旱型种质资源意义重大。本研究采用水培结合10%聚乙二醇处理的方法对198份贵州芥菜型油菜进行鉴定,根据处理和对照相对根长、根鲜重、上部鲜重、根干重、上部干重平均隶属函数值进行耐旱性评价,并测定了苗期耐旱型和干旱敏感型种质干旱处理根部的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)含量及过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果表明大部分贵州芥菜型油菜种质对干旱敏感,根据平均隶属函数值将198份种质划分为Ⅰ~Ⅴ共5类,其中中耐以上种质27份;不同耐旱级别种质盆栽鉴定发现,水培和盆栽鉴定相关系数极显著正相关(r^(2)=0.833),表明水培鉴定比较可靠;对苗期耐旱型、干旱敏感型极端表型种质根部生理生化指标测定发现可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白可能不是芥菜型油菜响应干旱的主要渗透调节物质,而脯氨酸含量在芥菜型苗期耐旱性上具有重要作用;过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与芥菜型油菜苗期耐旱性相关,而丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性不能反映芥菜型油菜苗期的耐旱性。本研究为芥菜型油菜苗期耐旱育种提供了种质,并为揭示芥菜型油菜苗期耐旱机理提供了理论依据。Brassica junceais one of important oil crops in Guizhou Province.It often suffered from drough which has a marked impact on the yield and quality when planted in mountain environment in autumn and winter season,therefore,screening and evaluating the germplasm resources at seedling stage are important for the agricultural production.At this study,hydroponics combined with 10%polyethylene glycol treatment were used to identify the drought-tolerant of 198 germplasms at seedling stage,the average subordinate function coefficients of relative value of root length,relative value of root fresh weight,relative value of fresh weigh t of aerial part,relative value of dry weight of root and relative value of dry weight of aerial part were combined to evaluate drought resistance comprehensively.And soluble sugar,soluble protein,proline,malondialdehyde(MDA)content and peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)activity in roots were assessed for the effects of drought on drought tolerance and sensitive germplasms.The results showed that most of the B.juncea germplasms of Guizhou were sensitive to drought treatment.According to average subordinate function coefficients,the 198 germplasms were divided intoⅠtoⅤclasses,in which more than 27 germplasms were above moderate drought tolerance.Average subordinate function coefficient of hydroponics were significantly correlated with potting(r^(2)=0.833)indicating the reliability of hydroponics identification this study used.Physiology and biochemistry indicators test showed that the proline content but not soluble sugar and soluble protein may be the main osmotic regulation substances,POD and SOD activity were associated with the drought resistance,but MDA content and the activity of CAT can’t reflect the drought resistance in B.juncea.This study provides germplasms for drought resistance breeding and provided theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of drought tolerance at seedling stage in B.juncea.

关 键 词：芥菜型油菜 苗期 耐旱 隶属函数 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]