围孕期和妊娠期妇女叶酸增补情况及其影响因素研究——基于一项多中心的横断面调查  

Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and Its Influencing Factors——Based on A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

作　　者：侯启春[1] 周倩龄 龙超 崔浩亮 HOU Qi-chun;ZHOU Qian-ling;LONG Chao;CUI Hao-liang(National Center for Women and Children’s Health,China CDC,Beijing 100081,China;School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心,北京100081 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100091

出　　处：《中国食物与营养》2022年第5期59-66,共8页Food and Nutrition in China

摘　　要：目的:描述广西、湖南、河北3个省部分地区妇女围孕期和妊娠期的叶酸增补情况及其影响因素。方法:研究对象来源于广西、湖南、河北3个省,采用方便抽样的方法,每省根据选点原则确定3个项目县,在每个县中确定1家妇幼保健机构,纳入在机构中就诊和住院的孕晚期孕妇以及0~1岁婴儿的母亲。通过问卷调查收集研究对象的一般人口学信息以及围孕期、妊娠期的叶酸增补情况。采用描述性分析反映孕前、孕期、孕前和孕期叶酸增补率以及时长。采用单因素分析探究叶酸增补情况在不同社会人口学特征人群中的差异。分别采用Logistic回归和泊松回归探索叶酸增补和增补时长的影响因素。结果:共获得有效问卷1684份。研究对象年龄为(28.0±4.7)岁。研究对象孕前、孕期、孕前和孕期均增补叶酸的占比分别为37.1%、73.9%以及23.2%。年龄更高(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.02~1.06),高中以上学历(OR=1.58,95%CI:1.25~2.01),做过婚前检查(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.17~1.81),做过孕前检查(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.15~1.77)和第一次产前检查时间在怀孕3个月内(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.063.32)的研究对象在怀孕前增补叶酸的可能性更大,而农业户别在孕前增补叶酸的可能性比非农业户别小(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.55~0.96)。除以上因素外,孕前增补叶酸月数还与收入和所在地区有关,收入5000元以上(RR=1.27,95%CI:1.08~1.50)与河北(RR=1.46,95%CI:1.15~1.87)和湖南(RR=1.54,95%CI:1.22~1.95)的研究对象孕前增补叶酸月数多。孕期增补叶酸更多的与婚前检查(OR=1.60,95%CI:1.27~2.01)和居住地有关,且做过婚前检查(RR=1.25,95%CI:1.15~1.35)和广西地区的研究对象孕期增补叶酸的月数更多。孕前和孕期均增补叶酸与年龄(OR=1.05,95%CI:1.02~1.07),收入5000元及以上(OR=1.36,95%CI:1.06~1.73),做过婚前检查(OR=1.88,95%CI:1.46~2.42)和所居住地区有关,其中居住于广西的妇女孕前和孕期叶酸增补率较低。而增补叶酸�Objective To describe the situation and influencing factors of folic acid supplementation during perinatal and pregnancy in some areas of Guangxi,Hunan and Hebei provinces.Method The research objects are from Guangxi,Hunan and Hebei provinces.Using the method of convenient sampling,each province determines three project counties according to the site selection principle,and determines one maternal and child health care institution in each county,including the pregnant women in the third trimester and the mothers of 0-1-year-old infants who are treated and hospitalized in the institution.The general demographic information and folic acid supplementation were collected through questionnaire survey.Descriptive analysis was used to reflect the rate and duration of folic acid supplementation before pregnancy,during pregnancy,before pregnancy and during pregnancy.Using univeriate analysis to explore the differences of folic acid supplementation in different sociodemographic groups.Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of folic acid supplement,and Poisson regression was used to explore the influencing factors of supplement time.Result A total of 1684 valid questionnaires were obtained in this study and the age of the subjects was(28.0±4.7)years.The proportions of folic acid supplementation before pregnancy,during pregnancy,before pregnancy and during pregnancy were 37.1%,73.9%and 23.2%respectively.Subjects with higher age(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.02—1.06),high school education or above(OR=1.58,95%CI:1.25—2.01),premarital examination(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.17—1.81),prenatal examination(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.15—1.77)and the first prenatal examination within 3 months of pregnancy(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.06—3.32)were more likely to supplement folic acid before pregnancy,and agricultural registered permanent residence were less likely to supplement folic acid before pregnancy than non-agricultural registered permanent residence(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.55—0.96).In addition to the above factors,the number of months of folic a

关 键 词：孕产妇 叶酸 影响因素 

分 类 号：R153.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]