土壤性状和玉米生长对不同耕作方式的响应  

Response of Soil Properties and Maize Growth to Different Tillage Methods

作　　者：徐莹莹[1] 靳晓燕[2] 庞爱国[2] 于晓波[2] 孙士明[2] 王俊河[1] 赵秀梅[1] Xu Yingying;Jin Xiaoyan;Pang Aiguo;Yu Xiaobo;Sun Shiming;Wang Junhe;Zhao Xiumei(Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Engineering,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《农机化研究》2022年第11期11-18,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2016YFD070030103,2016YFD070030106);黑龙江省科技计划省院科技合作项目(YS20B09)。

摘　　要：通过4年定位试验,探讨了不同耕作方式对土壤性状及玉米生长和产量的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,播种前深翻还田、深松和深松还田的容重分别降低了7.9%、5.6%、3.2%;各时期含水率均表现为深松还田>CK>深松>深翻还田。收获期,深松还田、深翻还田和深松作业下的有机质含量较CK分别增加了6.04、5.97、2.89 g/kg。深松还田和深翻还田能够显著提高拔节期土壤全氮和全钾含量,促进了玉米生长发育,株高、茎秆干重和叶面积均大于CK,最终增产8.4%和4.3%,深松较CK增产2.4%。综合来看,深松还田耕作方式更利于改良土壤性状,促进玉米生长。A four-year positioning experiment was conducted to study the effects of different tillage methods on soil properties and maize growth and yield.The results showed that before sowing,compared with CK,the bulk density of straw return by deep ploughing,subsoiling and subsoiling with straw return decreased by 7.9%,5.6%and 3.2%,respectively.The moisture content of each period is as follows subsoiling with straw return>CK>subsoiling>straw return by deep ploughing.At harvest time,the content of organic matter under method of subsoiling with straw return,straw return by deep ploughing and subsoiling increased by 6.04,5.97 and 2.89g/kg,respectively,compared with CK.At the same time,subsoiling with straw return and straw return by deep ploughing could significantly increase the contents of soil total nitrogen and total potassium at jointing stage and promote the growth and development of maize.Plant height,stem dry weight and leaf area were higher than those of CK,and the final yield increased by 8.4%and 4.3%,respectively.And the yield under subsoiling was 2.4%higher than CK.To sum up,it is considered that the tillage method of subsoiling with straw return is more beneficial to improve soil properties and promote the growth of maize.

关 键 词：耕作方式 土壤性状 玉米生长 产量 机械作业 

分 类 号：S183[农业科学—农业基础科学]