郑州市“7·20”特大洪水对地铁工程防洪影响研究  

Study on 7·20 Extreme Rainstorm and metro line flood control in Zhengzhou

作　　者：徐苏容[1] 周振民[2] XU Surong;ZHOU Zhenmin(Henan Technical College of Construction,Zhengzhou 450064,Henan,China;North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450011,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南建筑职业技术学院,河南郑州450064 [2]华北水利水电大学,河南郑州450011

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2022年第4期41-54,共14页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50579020)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着全球气候变化,极端气象和气候事件频繁发生,严重影响了城市地下建筑工程的发展。针对2021年7月20日郑州发生的特大暴雨(简称“7·20”暴雨),提出了暴雨洪水广义极值分布模型和重现期计算方法。基于二维-非恒定流理论,构建了城市洪水模拟模型,对城市洪水进行了模拟。计算表明,郑州“7·20”暴雨超过了千年一遇水平。选择郑州市环型地铁5号线为计算实例,基于地铁5号环线的建筑工程分布特征并综合考虑地表与地下雨洪汇流特点,沿地铁5号线路设计了36个洪水风险点。应用暴雨模拟模型计算得到了地铁5号线沿途36个洪水风险点对应于不同洪水频率的淹没水深。通过对洪水模拟模型有关参数的验证,结果证明,计算得到的研究区域范围内的洪水过程基本符合研究区低洼处的洪水淹没情况,该模型也可以准确地描述市区街道洪水形成过程、道路和桥梁交汇处的累计淹没水深。构建的模拟模型也可以合理地模拟城市河道排水情况。计算结果表明,以郑州“7·20”暴雨为洪水设计验证标准,就地铁5号线而言,大多数洪水风险点的淹没水深超过2.0 m,最大淹没水深接近3.0 m。根据洪水模拟和重现期计算结果,提出了郑州市地铁工程洪水风险分类方法,并提出了洪水预警措施。通过检验证明,研究结果对于城市短历时极端暴雨分析、城市地下空间建筑工程防洪以及城市地铁线路运行管理都具有十分重要的参考价值。Under the situation of global climate change,extreme weather and climate events are frequent,which have seriously affected the development of underground construction.Considering the extreme rainstorm occurred in July 20,2021 in Zhengzhou(7·20 Rainstorm),the generalized extreme distribution(GEV)model and the recurrence period calculation method are put forward.According to the theory of two-dimensional and non-constant flow,urban flood flow is simulated and an urban flood simulation model is constructed.Through calculation,it shows that the frequency of 7·20 rainstorm in Zhengzhou is greatly over once-in-a-thousand year.Metro Ring Line 5 is selected as a calculation example,and 36 flood control risk points are designed.The rainstorm simulation model is used to obtain the water depth at 36 flood control points along the Metro Line 5.Through improvement on the flood simulation model,the calculated flood process in Zhengzhou urban area can reasonably simulate water logging in low locations,street flood formation,the accumulated water depth at junction points between road and bridge.The improved model can also reasonably reflect the situation of channel water drainage.The results show that taking 7·20 rainstorm as a verification standard,the submerged water depth would overpass 2.0 m for the most of flood control risk points,and the maximum submerged depth could be nearly 3.0 m.According to the flood simulation and recurrence period calculation results,the flood risk threshold and the metro project flood risk classification are proposed,and the early warning measures(for three stages)are put forward.It can be proved through verification that the study results have certain reference values for urban short-duration extreme rainstorm analysis,urban underground architecture flood control and metro line operation management.

关 键 词：“7•20”特大暴雨 GEV分布模型 洪水模拟模型 地铁工程 防洪 郑州市 降水 气候变化 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]