生态伦理超越“现代性”道德话语的幸福之路  

The Road to Happiness for Ecological Ethics Going beyond “Modernity” Morality Discourse

作　　者：张彭松[1] 袁玖林 ZHANG Peng-song;YUAN Jiu-lin(School of Philosophy,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学哲学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《南通大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期20-28,共9页Journal of Nantong University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“现代性视角下中国公民道德建设研究”(17BKS120);黑龙江大学研究生创新科研项目“基于生态美德的好生活重建研究”(YJSCX2021-012HLJU)。

摘　　要：生态伦理肇始于西方伦理文化,在孕育与产生阶段,质疑工业文明的机械论自然观及其物化生活方式,探求顺应自然的幸福生活;但进入创立与发展阶段,尽管明确表达了自然内在价值的伦理意蕴,却越来越受制于“现代性”道德的意识形态话语模式,局限于自然价值观层面的抽象分析,陷入人类中心主义与自然中心主义无法选择的“两难困境”。走出这种困境,需要重建生态伦理的幸福之维,反思“现代性”道德的意识形态话语,揭示出它疏离自然也疏离人自身,使人们陷入对物质生活的无限追逐中难以自拔,追求着幸福最大化的主观幻觉。因此,生态伦理在继承现代道德文明成果基础上,力图超越“现代性”道德话语,从尊重自然的道德行为规范转向更为根本的生态德性。在“生命共同体”理念的视野下,追求尊重自然与完善人自身内在一致的幸福美好生活,既化解了生态伦理思想面临的“两难困境”,又能从人自身找到保护自然的主体性道德根据。Ecological ethics originated from Western ethical culture,questioning the mechanistic view of nature and materialized lifestyles of industrial civilization during its conception and formation,trying to seek a happy life that conforms to nature.During its establishment and development,despite the ethical connotation of the intrinsic value of nature it clearly expressed,ecological ethics was increasingly constrained by the moral framework of “modernity” ideological discourse and limited itself to the abstract analysis of natural values,which led to the “dilemma” between anthropocentrism and nature-centrism.In order to get out of this dilemma,the happiness dimension for ecological ethics is to be rebuilt with reflections on the ideological discourse of “modernity” morality to reveal the alienations posed by modernity from both nature and human beings,which traps human beings into the endless pursuit of material wealth and the subjective illusion of pursuing maximized happiness.Therefore,based on the achievements of modern moral civilization,ecological ethics should try to go beyond “modernity” morality,and shift from respecting nature’s moral behavior norms to more fundamental ecological virtues.Happiness for the internal coordination between respecting nature and human perfection is to be pursued under the guidance of “community of life”,which resolves the dilemma faced by ecological ethics and helps find the subjective moral foundation for the protection of nature from human beings themselves.

关 键 词：生态伦理 幸福 “现代性”道德 生态德性 

分 类 号：B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学]