重新起诉与一事不再理原则之违反——最高人民法院刑事诉讼法解释第219条第5项之商榷  

Re-prosecution and Violation of the Principle of Non Bis in Idem:Discussion on Item 5 of Article 219 of the Interpretation of the Criminal Procedure Law of the Supreme People’s Court

作　　者：张建伟[1] Zhang Jianwei

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2022年第3期171-180,共10页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：对于证据不足的案件,法院作出了无罪判决,判决生效后检察机关又收集了新的证据,或者提出了新的事实,使原裁判依据的事实不清、证据不足的问题得到补救,就此法院依法只能以审判监督程序加以改判。但是,最高人民法院刑事诉讼司法解释第219条第5项规定的却是检察机关重新起诉、法院予以受理,这一规定,违反了刑事诉讼法关于审判监督程序的规定。尽管原判决在当时证据情况下作出无罪判决并非错误,但是新的事实、证据表明该案的无罪判决在与案件事实真相背离这一实质问题上“确有错误”。以此观之,这种裁判错误符合再审条件。如果不依据审判监督程序加以改判而允许重新起诉,势必出现同一案件同时存在两个都具有法律效力的判决的“一案两判”现象,有违一事不再理原则和既判力原理,也会损害法院生效裁判的权威性。For cases with insufficient evidence,the court made a judgment of not guilty.After the judgment came into force,the procuratorial organ collected new evidence or put forward new facts,which remedied the problems of unclear facts and insu ffi cient evidence on which the original judgment was based.Therefore,the court can only change the judgment through the trial supervision procedure according to law.However,item 5 of article 219 of the judicial interpretation of criminal procedure of the Supreme People’s Court stipulates that the procuratorial organ shall prosecute again and the court shall accept it.This provision violates the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law on trial supervision procedures.Although it is not wrong for the original judgment to make an acquittal under the circumstances of evidence at that time,the new facts and evidence show that the judgment of not guilty is“indeed wrong”on the substantive issue of deviation from the truth of the case.From this point of view,this kind of judgment error meets the conditions of retrial.If the retrial is allowed without changing the judgment according to the trial supervision procedure,there will inevitably be the phenomenon of“two judgments in one case”in which there are two legally ef fective judgments in the same case,which is contrary to the principle of non bis in idem and the principle of res judicata,and will also damage the authority of the ef fective judgment of the court.

关 键 词：重新起诉 一事不再理 既判力 禁止双重危险 审判监督程序 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926.21[政治法律—法学]