从科层制组织到企业级生态系统——非预设性变革的过程研究  

From a Hierarchical Organization to an Enterprise-level Ecosystem:A Process Study on Non-preset Change

作　　者：王冰 毛基业[2] 苏芳 Wang Bing;Mao Jiye;Su Fang(School of Economics and Business Administration,Chongqing University;Business School,Renmin University of China;School of Management,Jinan University)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学经济与工商管理学院 [2]中国人民大学商学院 [3]暨南大学管理学院

出　　处：《管理世界》2022年第5期173-187,共15页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72072181、72172020);暨南大学管理学院重点学科建设育题基金资助项目(GY21004)资助。

摘　　要：移动互联网等新兴数字技术促进了产业的跨界融合,也启发了部分传统企业向更加适应动荡环境的企业级生态系统转型。以往研究中生态系统都是有计划的战略选择的结果,且通常以高科技企业为研究对象,对“摸着石头过河”的传统企业如何转型为企业级生态系统的动态过程缺少关注。本研究通过单案例分析,发现在缺少预设转型目标的情况下,传统科层制企业可以在应对环境变化的过程中,经过“试点、推广、整合”3个阶段,先调整组织结构和管理模式、再丰富业务类型,逐渐转型成企业级生态系统。区分和整合是促进生态系统形成的关键机制,前者通过鼓励内部单元的自组织行为激发创新和转型探索,而后者通过促进内部单元间的资源和信息交换、并降低彼此之间的冗余,促进生态系统中的协同效应。Emerging digital technologies such as the mobile Internet have promoted cross-boundary fusion of industries and inspired some traditional firms to transform toward enterprise-level ecosystems, which are more adaptable to the turbulent environment than traditional firms. Previous studies typically focused on high-tech companies and regarded ecosystems as the result of planned strategic choices.However, but overlooked traditional firms, which have no clue about the dynamic transformation process toward enterprise-level ecosystems in their "wading across the stream by feeling the way." Through a single case study, this research shows that without a clear goal and strategy, a traditional hierarchical firm can gradually transform itself into an enterprise-level ecosystem through "piloting, amplification, and integration" in response to constant environmental changes. During the process, the organizational structure and management routines are modified first, and then the business scope is enriched. In particular, differentiation and integration are two key coping mechanisms in the transformation process. The former stimulates innovation and transformation exploration by encouraging self-organizing behaviors, whereas the latter creates synergy effects in the ecosystem by facilitating the exchange of resources and information and by reducing redundancies among internal units.

关 键 词：生态系统 组织转型 区分机制 整合机制 单案例研究 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理]