秸秆还田对棉田土壤养分和微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Diversity in Cotton Field

作　　者：秦新政[1] 王玉苗 王志慧 谢成娟 王博[1] QIN Xinzheng;WANG Yumiao;WANG Zhihui;XIE Chengjuan;WANG Bo(Xinjiang Special Environmental Microbiology Laboratory / Research Institute of Applied Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830052, China;College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所/新疆特殊环境微生物实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆师范大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第5期1236-1244,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2017D01A49)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究秸杆还田对棉田土壤的养分和微生物多样性的影响。【方法】通过棉秆粉碎还田后的重量变化计算棉秆降解率,测定土壤中有机质等养分和理化性质,采用平板培养法测量可培养微生物数量,运用高通量测序研究秸秆还田对土壤微生物多样性的影响。【结果】棉花秸秆还田180 d的降解率可达5.01%;可培养微生物总量提高9.8%,其中细菌数量提高64.6%,放线菌数量提高39.3%;秸秆还田后土壤速效氮和速效钾含量显著增加,分别提高7.40%和32.77%;秸秆还田对土壤微生物多样性有显著影响,微生物菌群结构变化明显。【结论】秸秆还田能够增加棉田土壤养分和可培养微生物的数量,提高土壤微生物多样性。【Objective】To discuss the effects of straw returning on soil nutrients and microbial diversity in cotton field.【Methods】The degradation rate of cotton stalk was calculated by the weight change of cotton stalk.Soil nutrients such as organic matter content and physical and chemical properties of soil were determined.The number of cultivable microorganisms was measured by medium plate method.The effects of straw returning on soil microbial diversity were studied by high-throughput sequencing.【Result】The degradation rate of cotton straw could reach to 5.01%;The total amount of cultivable microorganisms increased by 9.8%,the number of bacteria increased by 64.6%,and the number of actinomycete increased by 39.3%;After returning straw,the contents of soil available nitrogen and available potassium increased significantly,which were 7.40%and 32.77%,respectively;High throughput sequencing data analysis showed that straw returning had an impact on microbial diversity,and the structure of the microbial flora,genus and species level changed obviously.【Conclusion】Straw returning can increase soil nutrients,increase the number of cultivable microorganisms and improve soil microbial diversity.

关 键 词：棉秆 还田 土壤 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S435.112.6[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]