考虑灾后现货市场采购的应急物资供应协议企业实物与原材料储备策略研究  

Research on physical reserve and raw material reserve strategy of emergency material supply agreement enterprises considering post-disaster spot market procurement

作　　者：张琳 李孟涛[1,2] 田军[3] ZHANG Lin;LI Mengtao;TIAN Jun(School of Business Administration,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,Dalian 116025,China;Institute of Distribution Research,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,Dalian 116025,China;School of Management,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学工商管理学院,大连116025 [2]东北财经大学流通研究院,大连116025 [3]西安交通大学管理学院,西安710049

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2022年第4期1001-1012,共12页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72001037);辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费(LN2020Q34);教育部人文社科规划基金(19YJA630068)。

摘　　要：考虑到突发事件的极度不确定性,政府和救援组织等应急物资采购方通常会偏好带有柔性采购机制的协议形式.但却导致参与合作的企业面临较大的风险与成本.为指导协议企业降低应急物资需求不确定性的不利影响,本文构建了一个基于数量柔性契约的应急物资供应协议合作模型,依次推导得出现货市场存在情境下的政府常规采购量和柔性采购量最优决策形式,以及协议企业实物储备量与原材料储备量最优决策形式.随后,采用数值仿真和敏感度分析方法,进一步分析了若干系统参数对政企决策和成本收益的影响.研究表明,在一定条件下,数量柔性契约可以实现应急物资供应链协调;政府会借助企业最高能力水平参与物资供应,但企业在制定储备策略时需关注政府仓储能力、灾后采购成本与可获性等关键因素.Considering the extreme uncertainty of sudden-onset event,the emergency material purchasers,e.g.,government and rescue organizations,usually prefer the agreement form with flexibility procurement mechanism.However,the enterprises involved in the cooperation will face great risks and costs.In order to reduce the adverse impact of the uncertainty of emergency material demand on the agreement enterprises,this paper constructs an emergency material supply agreement cooperation model based on quantity flexibility contract.Considering the existence of the spot market,the government’s optimal decisions on the regular procurement quantity and flexibility procurement quantity are derived,followed by the enterprise’s optimal decisions on the physical reserve quantity and the raw material reserve quantity.Then,numerical simulation and sensitivity analyses are adopted to further analyze the influence of several system parameters on the optimal decisions and the costs(or benefits)of the government authority and the enterprise.The result shows that quantity flexibility contract can coordinate the emergency material supply chain under certain conditions.The government will seek for the enterprise’s help with its highest ability,but the enterprise should pay attention to the key factors such as the government’s storage capacity,post disaster procurement cost and availability when making reserve strategy.

关 键 词：应急物资 数量柔性契约 实物储备 原材料储备 现货市场 

分 类 号：F273[经济管理—企业管理]