苄嘧磺隆对谷子叶绿素荧光特性和活性氧清除系统的影响  

Effects of bensulfuron-methyl on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and active oxygen scavenging system in foxtail millet leaves

作　　者：马珂 赵利蓉 张丽光[1] 张伟莉 梁舒 原向阳[1] Ma Ke;Zhao Lirong;Zhang Liguang;Zhang Weili;Liang Shu;Yuan Xiangyang(College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2022年第2期683-692,共10页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-13.5-A28);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(201910113001);山西农业大学青年拔尖创新人才支持计划(TYIT201406)。

摘　　要：为从光系统Ⅱ(photosystem Ⅱ,PSⅡ)活性和活性氧清除代谢的角度阐明苄嘧磺隆对谷子的安全性以及谷子对该除草剂的生理响应,通过盆栽试验测定不同剂量苄嘧磺隆处理7 d和30 d后谷子幼苗倒2叶的叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量。结果表明,剂量≤300 g/hm^(2)的苄嘧磺隆对谷子叶片内最大光化学量子产量(the maximum photochemical efficiency,MPE)、表观光合电子传递速率(photosynthetic electron transport rate,ETR)、光化学淬灭系数(photochemical quenching,PQ)和非光化学淬灭系数(non-photochemical quenching,NPQ)的影响均不显著。苄嘧磺隆推荐剂量300 g/hm^(2)施药7 d后,晋谷21号叶片内过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性、总抗坏血酸、还原型抗坏血酸(ascorbate acid,AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH)含量分别较对照显著增加18.60%、22.85%、74.80%和0.55%,张杂谷10号叶片内抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)活性、AsA、总谷胱甘肽和GSH含量分别较对照显著增加15.31%、13.82%、1.48%和0.56%;施药30 d后,苄嘧磺隆对谷子产生的药害逐渐减弱,且品种之间存在差异。苄嘧磺隆剂量1 200 g/hm^(2)施药7 d后,叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量与对照之间差异显著;施药30 d后,仅部分指标恢复到了对照水平。表明低剂量苄嘧磺隆(≤300 g/hm^(2))对PSⅡ活性和活性氧清除系统均无影响,对谷子相对安全;高剂量苄嘧磺隆(≥1 200 g/hm^(2))对谷子产生药害,其抑制了PSⅡ的电子传递速率,影响谷子体内活性氧的产生和清除平衡。To assess the safety of bensulfuron-methyl on foxtail millet seedlings, the physiological responses of the foxtail millet to this herbicide were investigated from the perspective of photosystem Ⅱ(PSⅡ) activity and active oxygen scavenging metabolism. Through pot experiments, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant contents in the penultimate leaf of foxtail millet were analyzed seven days and 30 days after bensulfuron-methyl treatment. The results showed that, after ≤300 g/hm^(2) bensulfuron-methyl treatment, the maximum photochemical efficiency(MPE), photosynthetic electron transport rate(ETR), photochemical quenching(PQ) and non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) in the leaves were not significantly different from those of CK. Seven days after the recommend dosage(300 g/hm^(2)) bensulfuron-methyl treatment, the peroxidase(POD) activity,total ascorbate, ascorbate acid(AsA) and reduced glutathione(GSH) contents of Jingu 21 significantly increased by 18.60%, 22.85%, 74.80% and 0.55%, respectively, while the ascorbate peroxidase(APX)activity, ascorbate acid(AsA), total glutathione and reduced glutathione(GSH) contents of Zhangzagu10 significantly increased by 15.31%, 13.82%, 1.48% and 0.56%, respectively. Thirty days after treatment, the toxicity of bensulfuron-methyl to foxtail millet decreased slightly, and exhibited differences among varieties. Seven days after the 1 200 g/hm^(2) bensulfuron-methyl treatment, the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant contents were significantly different from those in CK, and only some of these indexes recovered to the control level by 30 days after treatment. The results demonstrated that ≤300 g/hm^(2) bensulfuron-methyl treatment didn’t affect the PSⅡ photochemical activity and active oxygen scavenging system significantly, and was relatively safe for foxtail millet while ≥1 200 g/hm^(2) bensulfuron-methyl treatment made obvious damage to foxtail millet as it inhibited the

关 键 词：谷子 苄嘧磺隆 叶绿素荧光 酶活性 抗氧化物质 活性氧 

分 类 号：S451.22[农业科学—植物保护]