自否定:语言的形而上学原理  

Self-Negation:The Metaliguistical Principle of Language

作　　者：邓晓芒[1] Deng Xiaomang

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学哲学学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期84-98,217,共16页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：在语言的形而上学中,最值得关注的有三大基本原理:一、语言的自否定本质,语言本质上是辩证法的,它的“是”即蕴含着“不是”,任何“真话”都隐含着“谎言”,否则不成其为语言;二、语言的自欺功能,有意识的自欺或假扮游戏是语言的灵魂和生命,它基于人类自我意识的自欺结构,同时又给这种结构提供了现实的确证;三、语言的修辞学或诗学属性,一切语言都由诗性而发生,这也是语言中的语法和逻辑功能的起源。我所设想的“语言学之后”的形而上学所要探讨的正是语言的诗性功能和逻辑功能的关系,双方不仅是“对立统一”的关系,而且处于“自否定”的辩证进展中,这构成了“语言学之后”的最基本的原理。In the metalinguistics of language, there are three fundamental principles. The first one is the essenceof self-negation or the dialectical nature of language. Language works well only if its “being” implies “non-being” and “truth” implies “ untruth”. The second one is the self-deceptive function of language whichmeans that deceiving oneself consciously constitutes the soul of language. It has roots in the self-deceptivestructure of human consciousness and provides evidence in return for this structure. The third one is therhetorical or poetic character of language which makes language as such possible and originates thegrammatical or logical function of language. The metaphysics of “meta-linguistics” in my proposal focuseson the relationship between poetical and logical function of language. It argues that these two functions oflanguage develop themselves not only in a relation of “unity of opposites”, but also in a dialectical processof “self-negation”. This is the most fundamental principle of the “meta-linguistics”.

关 键 词：否定 语言学之后 有意识的自欺 修辞学 逻辑功能 诗性功能 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]