老年人牙列不齐的病因危害及防治要点  

Etiology,hazards and the key points of prevention and treatment of malocclusion in the aged

作　　者：郑颖 王培欢 刘向伟 戴雅文 刘洪臣[3] ZHENG Ying;WANG Pei-huan;LIU Xiang-wei;DAI Ya-wen;LIU hong-chen(Medical School of Chinese PLA,Institute of Stomatology&Oral Maxilla Facial Key Laboratory,the first Medical Centre,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]解放军医学院,解放军总医院口腔医学研究所,口腔颌面战创伤军队重点实验室,口腔颌面修复军队医学重点实验室,北京100853 [2]中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九六○医院口腔科,济南250031 [3]解放军总医院,口腔医学研究所口腔颌面修复军队医学重点实验室,北京100853

出　　处：《中华老年口腔医学杂志》2022年第2期83-88,共6页Chinese Journal of Geriatric Dentistry

基　　金：卫生部国家卫生公益科研项目(项目编号:201002017)。

摘　　要：随着老龄化社会的进展,如何保障老年人的健康成了备受关注的社会问题。口腔健康是全身健康的基础,老年人的口腔健康对保障其生活质量尤为重要。刘洪臣提出老年人口腔健康的10项指标,即1.牙齿清洁;2.无龋洞;3.无疼痛感;4.牙齿和牙龈颜色正常;5.无出血现象;6.牙齿排列整齐;7.不塞牙;8.无缺牙;9.咬合舒适;10.无口臭,其中明确将牙齿排列整齐作为重要标准之一。老年人牙列不齐可由牙周病、合创伤、肿瘤、外伤、牙列缺损等多种原因造成,可带来诸多危害,包括导致食物嵌塞、咬合紊乱及创伤,易引起龋病及牙周疾病、影响发音、降低咀嚼效能,引起颞下颌关节及咀嚼肌受损,影响容貌美观及心理健康甚至会引起消化系统等其他疾病,这些都严重影响老年人的全身健康。针对于老年患者牙列不齐及其引发的一系列问题,应进行综合判断及对症治疗,对口腔卫生进行维护并定期检查。本文将对引发老年人牙列不齐的多种病因进行分析,探讨其带来的各方面危害,并对其预防及治疗要点进行归纳总结,以期为具有牙列不齐等问题的老年人的口腔健康维护提供一定的参考。With the development of the aging society,how to protect the health of the elderly has become a social problem of great concern.Oral health is the basis of overall health,and the oral health of the elderly is particularly important to ensure their quality of life.Liu Hongchen put forward 10 indicators for the oral health of the elderly,including:1.Clean teeth;2.No cavities;3.No pain;4.Teeth and gingival color normal;5.No bleeding;6.No malalignment;7.No food impaction;8.No teeth missing;9.No occlusal discomfort;10.No halitosis,among which the orderly alignment of teeth was one of the important criteria.A number of factors can cause malalignment in the elderly,such as periodontal disease,tumors,trauma,defect of dentition.It can bring many hazards,including food impaction,disorder of occlusion and trauma,causing caries and periodontal disease,affecting pronunciation,chewing efficiency,temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscle,facial appearance and mental health and even causing systemic disease such as digestive system.All these seriously affect the overall health of the elderly.In view of a series of problems caused by malocclusion in elderly patients,comprehensive judgment and symptomatic treatment should be carried out,and oral hygiene should be maintained and checked regularly.This paper will analyze the causes of malalignment in the elderly,discuss the hazards,and summarize the main points of prevention and treatment,in order to provide some reference for the oral health maintenance of the elderly with the problem of irregular dentition.

关 键 词：老年人 口腔健康 口腔健康标准 牙列不齐 错牙合畸形 

分 类 号：R787[医药卫生—口腔医学]