可注射水凝胶支架在牙髓再生中的研究进展  

Research progress on injectable hydrogel scaffolds in dental pulp regeneration

作　　者：房娜 李祥伟[1,2] FANG Na;LI Xiangwei(Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics,School and Hospital of Stomatology,Jilin University,Jilin 130021,China;Department of Stomatology,the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University,Zhuhai 519000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学口腔医学院牙体牙髓科,吉林长春130021 [2]中山大学附属第五医院口腔科,广东珠海519000

出　　处：《口腔疾病防治》2022年第9期675-679,共5页Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases

基　　金：吉林省科技厅重点研发项目(20200404132YY);吉林省教育厅研究项目(JJKH20180229KJ)。

摘　　要：组织工程为牙髓再生提供了新的可能,支架作为组织工程三要素之一,受到了越来越多的关注。由于根管系统受长而狭窄的管腔独特解剖结构的限制,预成型支架虽应用方便但无法完全布满整个根管空间,因此,可注射性支架可能是牙髓组织工程的较理想选择。水凝胶是一种亲水聚合物网络,具有类似软组织的物理特性,并可提供多孔的亲水性微环境,后者方便扩散氧气和营养物质。近年来,研究者们用不同力学性能和(或)载生物活性成分的可注射性水凝胶作为支架来促进血运重建和牙髓再生,研究结果表明天然高分子水凝胶、合成高分子水凝胶、结合天然和合成高分子的复合型水凝胶均具有优异的生物相容性;水凝胶的类型和力学性能、生物活性成分的添加可影响干细胞行为;明胶基水凝胶及纤维蛋白基水凝胶等还可实现快速血管化,这为牙髓样组织形成创造了条件。其中,光交联甲基丙烯酰化明胶/透明质酸水凝胶、与具有抗菌及温敏性能的壳聚糖相结合的双/多组分水凝胶及新型自组装肽由于优异的性能成为近年来的研究热点。为了开发适宜水凝胶支架并促进其在牙髓再生方面的应用,本文对用于牙髓再生的可注射水凝胶的种类、制备和应用等方面的研究进展进行综述。Tissue engineering provides a new possibility for pulp regeneration.As one of the three elements of tissue engineering,scaffolds have attracted increasing attention.Because the root canal system is limited by the unique anatomical structure of the long and narrow lumen,the preformed scaffold cannot be completely covered with the whole root canal space,although it is convenient to apply,so the injectable scaffold may be an ideal choice for pulp tissue engineering.Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer networks with physical properties similar to soft tissues.They can provide a porous hydrophilic microenvironment,which facilitates the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients.In recent years,researchers have used injectable hydrogels with different mechanical properties and/or loaded biologically active ingredients as scaffolds to promote revascularization and the regeneration of pulp.The results show that natural polymer hydrogels,synthetic polymer hydrogels,and composite hydrogels combining natural and synthetic polymers all have excellent biocompatibility.The types and mechanical properties of hydrogels and the addition of bioactive ingredients can influence the behavior of stem cells,and gelatin-based hydrogels and fibrin-based hydrogels can also achieve rapid vascularization,which creates the conditions for the formation of pulp-like tissues.Among them,photocrosslinked methacrylated gelatin/hyaluronic acid hydrogels,two/multicomponent hydrogels combined with chitosan with antibacterial and temperature-sensitive properties and new self-assembled peptides have become major research topics in recent years due to their excellent properties.To develop suitable hydrogel scaffolds and promote their application in pulp regeneration,this article reviews the research progress in the types,preparation,and application of injectable hydrogels used for dental pulp regeneration.

关 键 词：水凝胶 可注射性 支架 甲基丙烯酰化明胶 透明质酸 壳聚糖 牙髓再生 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学]