立体定向仪指引下微创穿刺引流术治疗高血压脑出血的研究进展  

Research Progress of Minimally Invasive Puncture Drainage Under the Guidance of Stereotactic Instrument in the Treatment of Hypertensive Cerebral Hemorrhage

作　　者：吴静超[1] WU Jing-chao(Department of Neurosurgery,Tianjin Huanhu Hospital,Tianjin 300000)

机构地区：[1]天津市环湖医院神经外科,天津300000

出　　处：《中国医疗器械信息》2022年第10期30-32,共3页China Medical Device Information

摘　　要：高血压是目前临床上发病率较高的一种慢性疾病,也是目前导致患者发生严重心脑血管疾病的独立危险因素之一,通常正常人血压在不同情况下会产生一定变化,但均处于正常的控制标准,但随着人年龄的增长,其血压水平也会逐渐升高,相比之下,收缩压的增长幅度会更加明显。临床上高血压的诊断标准在随着人们对重要器官的保护意识而不断调整,且不同血压水平患者发生心脑血管疾病的风险也是各不相同的。高血压不仅会带来头痛、头晕等不适症状,最主要的危害是在于它会引起心、脑、肾等并发症。持续高血压会引起高血压性心脏病,心室肥厚、扩张,心功能也会受限,若是血管破裂则会引发心肌梗死,甚至导致心力衰竭。长期高血压会引起良性的肾小球动脉硬化症,进一步可能会影响肾功能,外周血管发生动脉粥样硬化。高血压可能引起脑部小动脉硬化,导致脑梗、短暂脑缺血发作、脑出血以及脑的微小动脉瘤,其中高血压出血是最为常见的情况。脑出血是高血压患者的严重并发症之一,此症易发于男性中老年群体,目前认为其发病机制多是由于脑底小动脉血管发生的病理变化所导致。高血压脑出血患者通常会伴有头痛、恶心、嗜睡甚至昏迷等临床症状,部分中老年患者在发病时可能会迅速出现偏瘫、失语等局部神经功能障碍,若不及时采取干预可能造成患者出现不良预后。外科手术治疗不失为高血压脑出血患者较为理想的治疗手段,但在对患者脑部血肿进行有效清除时需对其出血情况进行大致掌握,采用相关影像学手段进行辅助对提高其治疗效果有着显著作用。本文旨在分析立体定向仪对高血压脑出血患者行微创穿刺引流术的引导作用。Hypertension is a chronic disease with a high clinical incidence,and it is also one of the independent risk factors leading to serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in patients.Normally,blood pressure of normal people will change to some extent under different conditions,but they are all normal.However,as people age,their blood pressure levels will gradually increase.In contrast,the increase in systolic blood pressure will be more obvious.Clinically,the diagnostic criteria for hypertension are constantly adjusted with people’s awareness of protecting vital organs,and patients with different blood pressure levels have different risks of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.High blood pressure will not only bring headache,dizziness and other discomfort symptoms,but the main harm is that it will cause complications such as heart,brain and kidney.Sustained high blood pressure can cause hypertensive heart disease,ventricular hypertrophy,dilation,and limited cardiac function.If the blood vessel ruptures,it will cause myocardial infarction and even lead to heart failure.Long-term hypertension can cause benign glomerular arteriosclerosis,which may further affect renal function and cause atherosclerosis in peripheral blood vessels.Hypertension may cause cerebral arteriosclerosis,leading to cerebral infarction,transient ischemic attack,cerebral hemorrhage,and tiny brain aneurysms,of which hypertensive hemorrhage is the most common condition.Cerebral hemorrhage is one of the serious complications of hypertensive patients.This disease is prone to occur in middle-aged and elderly men.At present,it is believed that its pathogenesis is mostly caused by pathological changes in small arteries at the base of the brain.Patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage usually have clinical symptoms such as headache,nausea,lethargy,and even coma.Some middle-aged and elderly patients may rapidly hemorrhage,hemiplegia,aphasia and other local neurological dysfunctions.If the intervention is not taken

关 键 词：立体定向仪 微创穿刺引流术 高血压脑出血 研究进展 

分 类 号：R743.34[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]