论表见代理制度中“有理由相信”要件的证明  

On the Proof of“Reasonable Belief”in Apparent Agency Institution

作　　者：余亮亮 YU Liang-liang(Law School of Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《时代法学》2022年第3期52-61,共10页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金重大项目“数字社会的法律治理体系与立法变革研究”(项目编号:20&ZD177)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》第172条确立的“有理由相信”要件应当解释为相对人善意且无过失地相信行为人有代理权。其中,无过失属于法律状态事实,本质上为一种法律评价,应当由相对人与本人先后对形成和妨碍该评价的根据事实与妨碍事实承担证明责任。在证明责任减轻技术运用之下,“有理由相信”要件的证明应当遵循如下路径:由于本人可归责性的外在体现是存在能够追溯至其行为或表示的代理权外观,因此只要相对人能够举出存在可归责于本人的代理权表象,就应推定其主观方面为无过失。本人欲主张有权代理的效果不发生,则必须举证相对人为恶意或有过失。在证明标准的判断方面,本人对表明相对人有过失的评价妨碍事实举证属于间接反证,应当适用本证的证明标准。The requirement of“reasonable belief”established in Article 172 of civil Code should be interpreted as that the counterpart believes in good faith and without fault that the doer has agency power.Among them,non-fault is a fact of legal state,which is a kind of legal evaluation in essence,and the counterpart and himself should bear the burden of proof for the foundation facts and obstruction facts that form and hinder the evaluation successively.Under the burden of proof to reduce technology,“there is reason to believe that”elements of proof should follow the following path:because the principles blame the can be externally traced back to his behavior or other appearance,so as long as there is the other party can point can be attributable to my agency,it should be presumed that his subjective aspect is without fault.If I wish to claim that the effect of agency does not occur,I must prove that the opposite person was in bad faith or negligent.In the judgment of the standard of proof if the proof prolicled by the principal is indirect counterproof the standard of proof should be applied.

关 键 词：表见代理 本人可归责性 证明责任减轻 间接反证 

分 类 号：DF713[政治法律—诉讼法学]