自动驾驶汽车时代到来与道路交通事故认定规则的发展  

The arrival of autonomous vehicle era and the development of road traffic accident identification rules

作　　者：缪明月 巩建国 盛娟 MIAO Mingyue;GONG Jianguo;SHENG Juan(Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing100070,China;Ministry of Public Security Road Traffic Safety Research Center,Beijing100062,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学,北京100070 [2]公安部道路交通安全研究中心,北京100062

出　　处：《汽车与安全》2022年第5期70-81,共12页Auto & Safety

基　　金：国家重点研发计划:路车智能融合控制与安全保障关键技术及应用(项目号:2020YFB1600304);研究项目:“智能汽车测试驾驶人安全培训及相关交通安全问题”(项目号:1564211564PC03122)。

摘　　要：随着自动驾驶汽车时代的到来,道路交通事故认定工作及事故认定规则的实施都面临很多新情况、新问题。目前学界对涉及自动驾驶汽车交通事故损害赔偿的研究较多,多以法官的视角、研究民事责任分配和比例,鲜见以事故处理交警角度、在事故认定阶段,开展针对交通事故当事人责任的研究。我国交通事故纠纷处理的两个阶段涉及两个不同的公权力主体:交警和法官。其中,交通事故当事人责任产生于交通事故认定环节,体现了交警对事故发生原因的专业认识,交警的视角集中于对车辆运行控制(运动轨迹与速度)以及事故后果(碰撞能量、接触位置等)产生直接影响的注意义务的违反程度及其与事故发生的因果关系,这也是交通事故认定确定的当事人责任区别民事赔偿责任的主要方面。在不同时空条件下,交通事故认定的依据,即交通事故认定规则不尽相同。随着自动驾驶汽车的出现,我国、美国、加拿大、日本等对涉及自动驾驶汽车的交通事故认定进行了有益的探索。基于上述分析,结合国内交通事故认定规则以及自动驾驶汽车产业的发展状况,提出我国道路交通事故认定规则的设计思路和涉及自动驾驶汽车交通事故认定方法。With the advent of the era of autonomous driving vehicles, road traffic accident identification work and the implementation of accident identification rules are facing many new situations and problems. At present, there are many studies in the academic circle on damage compensation for traffic accidents involving autonomous vehicles. Most of them study the distribution and proportion of civil liability from the perspective of judges, while few study the liability of parties involved in traffic accidents from the perspective of traffic police in the identification stage of accidents. The two stages of traffic accident dispute settlement in China involve two different subjects of public power: traffic police and judge. Among them, the parties to a traffic accident liability arising from traffic accidents that link, embodies the traffic police professional knowledge, the cause of the accident the police perspective focuses on the vehicle operation control(trajectory and velocity) and the accident consequences(collision energy, contact position, etc.) have a direct impact of the degree of breach of duty of care and the causation of the accident, This is also the main aspect of distinguishing the liability of the parties involved in the identification of traffic accidents from the liability of civil compensation. In different time and space conditions, the basis of traffic accident identification, namely, traffic accident identification rules are not the same. With the emergence of autonomous driving vehicles, China, the United States, Canada, Japan and other countries have conducted beneficial exploration on the identification of traffic accidents involving autonomous driving vehicles. Based on the above analysis, combined with the domestic traffic accident identification rules and the development of the autonomous vehicle industry, the design ideas of the road traffic accident identification rules in China and the identification methods of traffic accidents involving autonomous vehicles are proposed.

关 键 词：道路交通事故 事故认定 自动驾驶汽车 当事人责任 

分 类 号：D922.14[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]