当代创伤研究:范式、缘起与脉络  

Contemporary Trauma Studies:Paradigm, Origin and Threads

作　　者：李飞[1] LI Fei(College of Literature,Shanghai University,Shanghai,200444)

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第2期148-159,共12页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“当代西方创伤理论与批评研究”(2019M661465);上海市社科规划青年课题“创伤理论研究”(2020EWY012)。

摘　　要：1990年代在西方人文研究中出现的当代创伤研究,将创伤概念从个体病理领域转化到历史、文化领域,强调创伤对个体与集体意义生产能力的崩塌效应。创伤研究与记忆研究有融合的趋势,但两者确属不同研究范式。当代创伤研究缘起于创伤话语从临床研究向人文研究的流动,以及西方文论的内在危机及其“伦理转向”。从概念、方法与议题来看,当代创伤研究有后解构创伤研究、批判性创伤研究、多元化创伤研究三条发展理路。后解构创伤研究从分离的角度界定创伤,继承了解构批评文本细读和修辞分析的方法,关注创伤的传达与再现问题;批判性创伤研究从社会性冲击的角度界定创伤,尝试将精神分析等理论中的相关概念用于社会文化分析,关注历史创伤的修通或哀悼;兴起于21世纪的多元化创伤研究从多种角度拓展了创伤概念,多采用文化研究的方法,关注创伤与媒介、身份、意识形态等因素的互动关系。1990年代以来创伤研究风起云涌,虽然面临种种问题,创伤概念与创伤研究依然有其存在的意义和价值。Contemporary trauma studies, which emerged in western humanities in the 1990s, transferred the concept of trauma from the field of personal pathology to the field of history and culture, emphasizing the devastating effect of trauma on the production capacity of individual and collective meaning. Trauma studies and memory studies tend to converge, but they are indeed different research paradigms. Contemporary trauma studies are the result of the spread of trauma discourse from clinical research to humanistic research, as well as the internal crisis and “ethic shift”of western literary theory. In terms of concept, topics and methods, contemporary trauma studies include post-deconstruction trauma studies, critical trauma studies and pluralistic trauma studies. Post-deconstruction trauma studies define trauma from the perspective of dissociation, borrow the methods of intensive text reading and rhetorical analysis from deconstruction critics, and focus on transmission and representation of trauma. Critical trauma studies define trauma from the perspective of social impact, attempt to apply relevant concepts in psychoanalysis and other theories to social and cultural analysis, and focus on healing or grief of historical trauma. Pluralistic trauma studies emerging in the21st century expand the concept of trauma from various perspectives, mostly using the methods of cultural research,focusing on the interaction between trauma and media, identity, ideology and other factors. Since the 1990s, trauma research has become increasingly popular. Despite problems, the concept of trauma and trauma research are still of great significance and value.

关 键 词：创伤 当代创伤研究 后解构创伤研究 批判性创伤研究 多元化创伤研究 

分 类 号：G02[文化科学] I0[文学—文学理论]