4-6岁幼儿多任务行走的步态及下肢生物力学特征  

Gait and biomechanical characteristics of lower limbs in multi-task walking of 4-6-year-old children

作　　者：梁晓 赵盼超 李嘉慧 纪仲秋[1] 姜桂萍[1] Liang Xiao;Zhao Panchao;Li Jiahui;Ji Zhongqiu;Jiang Guiping(School of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京市100875

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2023年第4期505-512,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BTY070),项目负责人:姜桂萍。

摘　　要：背景:跌倒是儿童最常见的意外事件之一,其导致的伤害已成为全球性的公共卫生问题。多任务行走会增大跌倒风险,对异常儿童影响更大,而日常生活对多任务行走的需求增多。研究幼儿的多任务步态,以期为制定针对性训练与鉴别发育异常或疾病患儿提供理论基础。目的:探究多任务行走对4-6岁幼儿的步态参数及下肢动力学的影响。方法:随机选取北京市某幼儿园34名4-6岁幼儿,进行单任务行走(正常行走)、双任务行走(计算+行走)和三任务行走(携带托盘+计算+行走);使用BTS红外动作捕捉系统采集步态参数,Vixta数字录像机同步录像,通过Anybody仿真建模计算下肢动力学参数,利用重复测量方差分析比较任务差异、性别差异与交互效应。结果与结论:①双任务行走和三任务行走的标准化步速、步频、跨步长和步宽低于单任务行走;②跨步长的多任务成本随任务的增多而增大;③髋膝踝三大关节的关节反应力-步态周期图像呈现出相同的特点;④髋关节屈曲力矩平均值出现任务差异和性别差异,距下关节外翻力矩最大值出现任务×性别的交互效应;⑤缝匠肌肌力最大值出现性别差异,股薄肌、长收肌、大收肌中束、短收肌和闭孔外肌肌力最大值出现任务差异,闭孔内肌肌力最大值出现性别×任务的交互效应;⑥提示4-6岁幼儿在行走时的步态会受到多任务的影响,表现为步态受损、任务成本增加;对下肢关节的影响体现在髋关节与距下关节;对下肢肌肉力的影响集中在大腿内收和外展肌群;因此应指导幼儿进行锻炼这两大肌群的趣味游戏,以实现更优化的多任务行走模式,降低跌倒发生率,预防跌倒伤害。BACKGROUND:Falling is one of the most common accidents in children,and its injury has become a global public health problem.Multi-task walking will increase the risk of falls,has a greater impact on abnormal children,and the demand for multi-task walking in daily life is increasing.To study children’s multitask gait in order to provide a theoretical basis for formulating targeted training and identifying children with developmental abnormalities or diseases.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of multi-task walking on gait parameters and lower limb dynamics of 4–6-year-old children.METHODS:Totally 34 children aged 4-6 years from a kindergarten in Beijing were randomly selected for single-task walking(normal walking),dual-task walking(calculating+walking),and three-task walking(carrying tray+calculating+walking).BTS infrared motion capture system was used to collect gait parameters and Vixta digital video recorder was used to record synchronously.Dynamic parameters of lower limbs were calculated by a simulation model of Anybody.Task differences,gender differences,and interaction effects were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The standardized step speed,step frequency,stride length,and step width of dual-task walking and three-task walking were lower than those of single-task walking.(2)The multi-task cost of step-length increased with the increase of tasks.(3)The joint reaction force-gait cycle images of hip,knee and ankle joints shared the same characteristics.(4)There were task differences and gender differences in the average value of hip flexion moment,and the interaction effect of task×gender was found in the maximum value of subtalar joint eversion moment.(5)There was gender difference in the maximum muscle strength of sartorius,task difference in the maximum muscle strength of gracilis,adductor longus,adductor major,adductor brevis and obturator externus,and gender×task interaction effect in the maximum muscle strength of obturator internus.(6)It is concluded

关 键 词：幼儿 多任务 下肢 步态 关节反应力 关节力矩 肌肉力 Anybody仿真系统 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]