生物体胃肠道中微塑料负载污染物的解吸行为和影响因素研究进展  

Desorption Behavior and Impacting Factors of Microplastic-loaded Pollu-tants in Biological Gastrointestinal Tract:A Review

作　　者：王宏展 吴小伟 赵晓丽[1] 王珺瑜 牛琳 Wang Hongzhan;Wu Xiaowei;Zhao Xiaoli;Wang Junyu;Niu Lin(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2022年第2期64-73,共10页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41925031)。

摘　　要：环境中大量分布的微塑料(microplastics,MPs)由于具有粒径小、比表面积大、且对生物体具有毒性危害等特点,因而近年来得到国内外越来越多的研究和关注。环境调查研究表明,环境MPs表面通常含有不同种类和含量的污染物(重金属和有机污染物),这些污染物通过摄食进入生物体胃肠道后在胃肠液作用下会发生解吸,并引起相应的生物毒性效应。本文系统综述了生物体胃肠道中MPs表面负载污染物的解吸行为、机制和潜在影响因素。生物胃肠道系统中MPs表面携带的重金属、有机物以及自身添加剂在胃肠液作用下能够大量解吸。解吸机制方面,胃肠中消化酶能够影响污染物与MPs之间界面结合力(范德华力、静电作用力和氢键等),结合力越小,解吸效率越高。此外,MPs表面负载污染物在胃肠道中的解吸能力也受到塑料性质(结晶度、孔体积和疏水性)和胃肠液性质(消化酶种类、消化液组分和pH)的共同影响,但具体机制当前仍不明确。笔者期望该综述能为进一步评估自然水体中生物体对MPs摄食所引起的生态风险提供科学依据。Microplastic pollution in natural waters are of increasing concerns due to their widely distribution,specific physicochemical properties(i.e.,small particle size,high specific surface area),and toxicity to aquatic organisms.During long-term retention in the water bodies,MPs are prone to absorb organic/inorganic environmental contaminants.When ingested by aquatic organisms,these harmful chemicals are readily to enter into biological gastrointestinal tracts and release under the impact of digestive enzyme,and pose adverse impacts on organisms.However,the desorption and factors controlling desorption efficiency in gastrointestinal tract remain unresolved.In this review,we aim to provide an overview over the desorption behavior and mechanism of MPs-loaded pollutants in the gastrointestinal tract.Many efforts have demonstrated the presence of MPs in biotic gastrointestinal tract,and distribution in various color,size and shape.During MPs retention in biotic gastrointestinal tract,many types of contaminants are prone to desorb from MP surface.The desorption efficiency of heavy metals in gastric phase is higher than that in intestinal phase,while the desorption efficiency of organic pollutants vary with pollutant types.The desorption of pollutants in the gastrointestinal tract partly depends on the intensity of the interaction between MPs and pollutants,which hinges on the physicochemical properties of MPs and pollutants.In addition,the gastro-intestinal environment(pH,digestive enzymes,inorganic ions)is also available to influence the desorption behavior of pollutants from MP surface.The acidic condition of gastric phase facilitate the desorption of heavy metals.The digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tracts combine with MPs to form protein coronas,followed by the increase of MPs size and zeta potential,the change of residues and secondary structure of digestive enzymes.The interaction of MPs with digestive enzymes usually includes the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonding,van der Waals force,π-πinteraction,e

关 键 词：微塑料 有机物污染物 重金属 胃肠道 水生生物 吸附解吸 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]