两栖动物与鱼类对化学物质急性毒性敏感性的比较  

Sensitivity of Amphibians and Fish to Chemicals in Terms of Acute Toxici-ty:A Comparison Based on Literatures

作　　者：陈宣樾 熊忆茗 秦占芬[1,2] Chen Xuanyue;Xiong Yiming;Qin Zhanfen(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese A-cademy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2022年第2期211-215,共5页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(21876196);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFF0211203)。

摘　　要：鱼类是化学物质水生生物毒性测试的物种,同时两栖动物的蝌蚪也作为水生态风险的受体被关注。笔者利用文献报道的蝌蚪和鱼类的96 h半致死浓度(96-h half lethal concentration,96 h-LC_(50))的数据比较2类生物对化学物质急性毒性的敏感性。首先从常用数据库中检索到371篇相关文献,然后对同一化学物质的多个LC_(50)取几何平均值,获得了98种化学物质对2类生物LC_(50)的配对数据。对配对数据进行皮尔逊相关性分析,发现转换后2类物种的96 h-LC_(50)显著相关(Pearson’s r=0.839,P<0.01)。根据《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》对2类生物的LC_(50)进行毒性分级,发现58种(59.2%)物质对蝌蚪和鱼类的急性毒性等级相同,26种(26.5%)物质对鱼类的毒性等级高于蝌蚪,14种(14.3%)物质对鱼类的毒性等级低于蝌蚪。进一步对配对LC_(50)的比值进行分析,发现71种(72.5%)物质对2类生物的LC_(50)的差异在1个数量级以内,16种(16.3%)物质对鱼类的LC_(50)比蝌蚪低一个数量级以上,仅有11种(11.2%)物质对蝌蚪的LC_(50)比鱼类低一个数量级以上。总体来看,蝌蚪对大部分化学物质急性毒性的敏感性与鱼类相当或者更低,仅有大概10%的化学物质,蝌蚪对其的敏感性比鱼类更高。因此,鱼类急性毒性的数据基本可以概括对两栖动物蝌蚪的急性毒性。Fish is required in aquatic toxicity test for chemical substances,such as industrial chemicals and pesticides.Besides,as aquatic ecological risk receptors,amphibian tadpoles are also concerned.This study aimed to compare the sensitivity of the two species to chemical substances based on the 96-h half lethal concentration(96 h-LC_(50))from literatures.First,we obtained 371 relevant studies from the frequently used databases.If there were several LC_(50)values of a substance from different literatures,the geomean was used as the only LC_(50)of this substance.The LC_(50)values of 98 substances for tadpoles and fish were paired.Pearson correlation analysis revealed a signifi-cant correlation of transformed LC_(50)values between tadpoles and fish(Pearson’s r=0.839,P<0.01).Then,the LC_(50)values were classified into different levels according to the“Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals”.The toxicity levels of 58 substances(59.2%)were same for tadpoles and fish,26 substances(26.5%)have higher levels for fish than tadpoles,while the levels of 14 substances(14.3%)were lower for fish than tadpoles.Moreover,the LC_(50)ratio between tadpoles and fish was also analyzed.We found that the LC_(50)ratios for 71 substances(72.5%)ranged from 0.1 to 10,with 16 substances(16.3%)exhibiting higher LC_(50)ratios than 10,and 11 substances(11.2%)exhibiting lower LC_(50)ratios than 0.1.In terms of acute toxicity,overall,it is concluded that the sensitivity of tadpoles is comparative or lower than that of fish in most cases,with about 10%of substances exhibiting higher toxicity to tadpoles than fish.Therefore,the acute toxicity data for fish can roughly indicate the acute toxicity for amphibian tadpoles.

关 键 词：两栖动物 蝌蚪 鱼类 急性毒性 敏感性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]