典型农作区农村居民点空间布局优化研究—以黑龙江省望奎县为例  

Spatial Layout Optimization of Rural Settlements in Typical Farming Areas-A Case Study of Wangkui County,Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：张慧[1] 王佳辉 王宇瑶 李芳仟 章桂芳 ZHANG Hui;WANG Jia-hui;WANG Yu-yao;LI Fang-qian;ZHANG Gui-fang(School of Public Administration and Law,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150000,China;China Forestry Press,Beijing 100000,China;School of Earth Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学公共管理与法学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000 [2]中国林业出版社,北京100000 [3]中山大学地球科学与工程学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《土壤通报》2022年第2期270-279,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41402297);黑龙江省博士后资助项目(LBH-Z12032)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】按照最少数量农村居民点提供最大化农业服务能力的思路,探寻优化农作区农村居民点空间布局的方法。【方法】结节性指数、场强模型、集合覆盖模型、土地规模经营模型可以用作农村居民点优化的评价指标。【结果】(1)黑龙江省望奎县农村居民点以非城镇化型农村居民点为主,数量占比为94.26%,其特点为综合发展潜力较高、城镇化发展引力较低;(2)以耕作半径4720 m为约束条件,通过集合覆盖模型不仅实现了以最少数量农村居民点提供最大化农业服务能力的目标,而且还保证了布局优化后农村居民点空间分布的均衡性;(3)在城乡收入均等化条件下,望奎县农业适度经营规模为户均9.60 hm^(2),布局优化后的农村居民点农村人口承载规模为6.81万人,用地总规模为953.40 hm^(2),用地平均规模为4.54 hm^(2)。【结论】以耕作半径为约束条件,通过集合覆盖模型筛选实现农业服务能力最大化的农村居民点,并提出农村居民点布局优化方案,为农作区农村居民点空间合理布局调整提供了一定的借鉴和参考。[Objective]According to the idea of the minimum number of rural settlements to provide the maximum agricultural service capacity,this paper explored the method of adjusting the spatial layout of rural settlements in agricultural areas.[Method]Nodular index,field strength model,collective coverage model,land scale management model were used in the research.[Result](1)The rural settlements in this area were mainly non urbanization rural residential areas,accounting for 94.26%,which were characterized by high comprehensive development potential and low urbanization development attraction.(2)Taking the farming radius(4720 m)as the constraint condition,the set coverage model not only achieved the goal of maximizing the agricultural service capacity with the minimum number of rural settlements,but also ensured the balance of the spatial distribution of rural settlements after layout optimization.(3)Under the condition of equal income between urban and rural areas,the appropriate scale of agricultural operation in Wangkui county was 9.6 hm^(2) per household.After the layout optimization,the carrying scale of rural population in rural residential areas was 68,100,the total scale of land use was 953.40 hm^(2),and the average scale of land use was 4.54 hm^(2).[Conclusion]Taking the farming radius as the constraint condition,the set coverage model is used to select the rural settlements which can maximize the agricultural service capacity.The optimization scheme of rural settlements layout is put forward,which provides a certain reference for the spatial layout adjustment of rural settlements in agricultural areas.

关 键 词：农村居民点 农业服务能力 集合覆盖模型 城乡收入均等化 望奎县 

分 类 号：F301.23[经济管理—产业经济]