金刚石辐射伏特效应同位素电池器件研究进展  

Research Progress on Diamond Radio-Voltaic Effect Isotope Batteries Devices

作　　者：刘本建 张森[1] 郝晓斌 文东岳 赵继文[1] 王伟华[1] 刘康[1] 曹文鑫[1] 代兵[1] 杨磊 韩杰才[1] 朱嘉琦[1,3] LIU Benjian;ZHANG Sen;HAO Xiaobin;WEN Dongyue;ZHAO Jiwen;WANG Weihua;LIU Kang;CAO Wenxin;DAI Bing;YANG Lei;HAN Jiecai;ZHU Jiaqi(National Key Laboratory of Special Environment of Composite Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;Center of Analysis Measurement, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing for Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

机构地区：[1]特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室(哈尔滨工业大学),哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学分析测试中心,哈尔滨150001 [3]微系统与微结构制造教育部重点实验室(哈尔滨工业大学),哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《人工晶体学报》2022年第5期801-813,共13页Journal of Synthetic Crystals

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金(51625201)。

摘　　要：微机电系统、深空、深海探测任务等对于长效、便携电源提出了更高的要求。同位素电池由于其能量密度高、功率输出稳定,可以在高低温、无太阳光照等极端环境下持续不断地为月球车、海底探测器等提供能量。作为同位素电池中的主要类型,辐射伏特效应同位素电池由于其理论能量转换效率高、易于微型化被广泛研究,并已经成功应用于心脏起搏器。宽禁带的半导体换能结器件制作的同位素电池能够获得更高的能量转换效率。宽禁带半导体中的代表金刚石具有5.5 eV的禁带宽度与耐辐射的特性,使其成为制作辐射伏特效应同位素电池换能结器件的最佳选择。随着化学气相沉积技术的发展,金刚石晶体的外延技术突飞猛进,为金刚石半导体器件的发展打下了材料基础。本文对比了常见的同位素电池换能结用半导体材料和辐射源材料的特性,介绍了辐射伏特效应的基本原理,接着对辐射伏特效应同位素电池的关键参数进行了分析,并汇总了有关金刚石辐射伏特效应同位素电池研究的文献,通过各个参数,如开路电压、转换效率等的对比,指出了目前金刚石同位素电池发展的状态与存在的问题。通过分析金刚石与其他n型半导体材料组成的异质pn结目前的性能与应用情况,给出了基于金刚石异质pn结的高性能同位素电池的结构设计,并进行了总结与展望。MEMS,deep space and deep sea exploration tasks put forward higher requirements for long-term and portable power supply.Due to its high energy density and stable power output,isotopic battery can continuously provide energy for Lunar Rover and seabed detector in extreme environments such as high and low temperature and no sunlight.As the main type of isotope battery,radio-voltaic effect isotope battery has been widely studied because of its high theoretical energy conversion efficiency and easy miniaturization,and it has been successfully applied to cardiac pacemaker.The isotope battery made of energy converters using semiconductor with wide band gap can obtain higher energy conversion efficiency.The 5.5 eV band gap and radiation resistance of single crystal diamond make it the best choice for making energy converters for radio-voltaic effect isotope batteries.With the development of chemical vapor deposition technology,the epitaxial technology of diamond crystal has made rapid progress,which has laid a material foundation for the development of diamond semiconductor devices.The characteristics of common semiconductor materials for energy converters and radiation source materials for isotopic battery are compared in this paper,the basic principle of radio-voltaic effect is introduced,then the key parameters of radio-voltaic effect isotopic battery is analyzed,and the literatures on the research of diamond radio-voltaic effect isotopic battery are summarized.The development status and existing problems of diamond isotope battery are pointed out.By analyzing the current performance and application of hetero pn junction composed of diamond and other n-type semiconductor materials,the structural design of high-performance isotope battery based on diamond hetero pn junction is given,summarized and prospected.

关 键 词：同位素电池 辐射伏特效应 金刚石 肖特基器件 开路电压 半导体换能结 转换效率 

分 类 号：TM918[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]