秸秆还田对长期不同施肥黑土微生物残体碳的影响  

Effects of straw returning on microbial necromass carbon in black soil under long-term fertilization

作　　者：李庭宇 刘旭 刘瑶岑 曲天儒 彭畅[2] 朱平[2] 葛壮 李双异[1] LI Ting-yu;LIU Xu;LIU Yao-cen;QU Tian-ru;PENG Chang;ZHU Ping;GE Zhuang;LI Shuang-yi(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866,China;Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environmental,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun,Jilin 130119,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/农业农村部东北耕地保育重点实验室/土肥资源高效利用国家工程研究中心,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]吉林省农业科学院环境与资源研究所,吉林长春130119

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第5期763-774,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771328);辽宁省教育厅科学研究一般项目(LSNJC201910);辽宁省重点研发计划项目(2020JH2/10200034)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究长期施肥以及秸秆还田对黑土中微生物标识物氨基糖含量的影响,以期为调节黑土碳循环提供理论支撑。【方法】吉林省农业科学院黑土长期定位试验始于1990年,2018年选取其中不施肥对照(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)和有机肥配施化肥(MNPK)三个处理进行秸秆微区田间试验。这三个处理的土壤中分别再设加入1 cm长玉米秸秆6000 kg/hm^(2)的处理(CKS、NPKS、MNPKS)和不加入玉米秸秆的处理(CK、NPK、MNPK),共6个处理。秸秆与土壤混匀后置于PVC框(长0.9 m、宽0.6 m、高0.6 m)内,PVC框上端高于地面20 cm。在PVC框埋入土壤60天(夏季)、150天(秋季)后,取土样测定理化性状及氨基葡萄糖(GluN)、氨基半乳糖(GalN)和胞壁酸(MurN)含量。微生物真菌残体碳和细菌残体碳含量依据各氨基糖含量计算。【结果】与CK相比,NPK和MNPK处理能够促进氨基糖在土壤中的积累,其中第60天氨基葡萄糖分别显著增加18.81%和105.36%;胞壁酸分别显著增加19.62%和129.30%。两种施肥措施均能提升土壤中微生物残体碳的含量,而且MNPK处理微生物残体碳积累量较CK处理高出近1倍。各处理中真菌残体碳含量要远高于细菌残体碳含量,两种施肥措施均会降低真菌残体碳占微生物残体碳的比重,说明施肥会增加细菌在这一过程中对黑土有机碳积累的贡献。NPKS处理氨基葡萄糖占总氨基糖含量百分比明显增加,MNPKS处理真菌来源的氨基葡萄糖所占百分比也在第60天、第150天这两个时期内逐渐上升,表明真菌细胞死亡残体积累量在增加。【结论】添加秸秆后的MNPK处理促进了黑土中微生物残体碳的积累,NPK处理与秸秆添加相结合可以提高真菌残体碳在微生物残体碳中所占比重。因此,施肥和秸秆添加会使黑土中微生物群落组成发生变化,从而影响微生物残体的积累特征。【Objectives】To study the effects of long-term fertilization and straw returning on the content of biomarker amino sugars in black soil. The current research seeks to provide some theoretical support for regulating soil carbon cycle.【Methods】The long-term trail in the black soil of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences was established in 1990, and the soils were collected from the treatments of no fertilizer control(CK),inorganic fertilizer(NPK), and organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer treatment(MNPK) in a containerized experiment that was conducted in 2018. Adding 6000 kg/hm^(2) of corn stalks with 1 cm length(CKS, NPKS,MNPKS) and no adding of corn stalk(CK, NPK, MNPK) were set in each soil sample, making a total of 6treatments, which were placed in PVC frames with 0.9 m in length, 0.6 m in width, and 0.6 m in height after mixing. And the upper end of the PVC frame was 20 cm above the ground. Soil samples were taken from the PVC frame that was buried in the soil for 60 days(in summer) and 150 days(in autumn) to determine the physical and chemical properties as well as the contents of GluN, GalN, and MurN, on this basis, the contents of fungal necromass carbon and bacterial necromass carbon were calculated.【Results】Compared with CK,both inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer treatment promoted the accumulation of amino sugars in soil. On the 60th day, GluN content increased significantly by 18.81% and 105.36%, respectively;MurN content increased significantly by 19.62% and 129.30%, respectively. Both fertilization methods increased the content of microbial necromass carbon in soil, moreover, the accumulation of microbial necromass carbon in the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer was twice as high as that in CK. The content of fungal necromass carbon was notably higher than that of bacterial necromass carbon, both fertilization treatments reduced the proportion of fungal necromass carbon to microbial necromass carbon, this showed that fertiliz

关 键 词：东北黑土 长期施肥 秸秆添加 微生物残体碳 氨基糖 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]