规划许可诉讼中邻人保护的权利基础与审查构造  

Right Basis and Review Structure of Neighbor Protection in Planning Permission Litigation

作　　者：赵宏 ZHAO Hong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2022年第3期86-102,共17页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“行政法上第三人的权利保护研究”(21BFX050)的阶段性成果;中国政法大学青年教师学术支持计划(20CXTD01)资助。

摘　　要：关于规划许可诉讼的既有学理讨论,已意识到邻人提起行政诉讼的权利基础并非私法相邻权,也觉察到实体审查中“合规即不侵权”的裁判思路与邻人保护的意旨相矛盾,却一直未形成公法上邻人保护的学理体系,无法为司法审查提供有效说理。支配规划许可诉讼的核心观念在于邻人公权利,其本质是第三人公权利在具体法领域中的呈现,反映的是在分配行政的格局下,行政机关如何在三边法律关系下识别第三人公权利,并为其配给公法保护的问题。邻人公权利针对的是国家,是邻人向行政机关请求以防御其不动产使用因他人的建筑行为而受到影响的实体权利。完整的邻人保护,不仅意味着应当允许邻人针对规划许可提起诉讼,也意味着法院审查不应仅限于对许可是否符合规划的客观审查,还应包含对邻人是否存在主观公权利以及该权利是否受损的证立。The existing discussion on planning permission litigation shows that Chinese scholars have realized that the right basis for neighbors to file administrative litigation is not the private neighboring right and that the judgment of “legality is no infringement” is inconsistent with the pursuit of neighbor protection, but they have not been able to establish a theoretical system of neighbor protection in public law to provide reasoning for judicial review. The core concept dominating planning permission litigation is the public rights of neighbors and its essence is the presentation of the public rights of the third party in specific fields of law, which reflects how administrative organs identify the public rights of the third party under the trilateral administrative-legal relationship and allocate them the protection of public law. The public rights of neighbors, countering the state, are substantive right foundations to claim the administrative organs to protect their use of real estate from the negative influence due to others’ construction. Complete neighbor protection means not only neighbors should be allowed to file a lawsuit against planning permissions, but also that the court review should not be limited to planning permission and should include the existence of subjective public rights of neighbors and the fact that whether it is impaired.

关 键 词：相邻关系法 相邻权 规划许可 分配行政 区域维护请求权 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]