地区差异影响粮食中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇含量  

Regional differences affect the content of Deoxynivalenol in Grain

作　　者：郝得隆 任兴葡 段鸿渐 李群伟 安康 HAO De-long;REN Xing-pu;DUAN Hong-jian;LI Qun-wei;AN Kang(School of Public Health and Health Management,Shandong First Medical University,Taian,Shandong 271016,China)

机构地区：[1]山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)公共卫生与健康管理学院,山东泰安271016

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第11期2069-2073,2106,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81060228);山东省医药卫生科技发展计划(202012020136)。

摘　　要：目的 分析我国黑河-腾冲一线及两侧地区粮食中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(Deoxynivalenol,DON)的污染水平和差异。方法 于2019年7—10月,采用分层抽样,在黑河-腾冲一线及两侧地区收集了共13个省份农户储藏及市售常见的粮食样本,包括大米、玉米、红豆、黄豆和面粉,采取酶联免疫吸附法检测其DON含量。结果 本次调查共获得510份粮食样本,其中有12份样本超过国家标准,超标率为2.35%。不同粮食中DON平均含量由高到低依次为:玉米(361.40±533.42)μg/kg、面粉(227.76±272.19)μg/kg、黄豆(140.23±30.39)μg/kg、红豆(118.45±30.64)μg/kg、大米(106.35±46.85)μg/kg。黑河-腾冲线上地区DON平均含量(260.78±391.29)μg/kg高于线东南侧地区(130.42±67.44)μg/kg(Z=2.975,P<0.05)和线西北侧地区(153.72±179.95)μg/kg(Z=4.708,P<0.05);线西北侧地区DON平均含量高于线东南侧地区,但差异无统计学意义(Z=0.967,P>0.05)。结论 我国黑河-腾冲线上及两侧部分地区粮食中DON的污染状况普遍,玉米的DON污染水平较其它谷物高;不同地区DON含量差异表现为:黑河-腾冲线上地区>线西北地区>线东南地区。Objective To analyze the pollution levels and differences of Deoxynivalenol(DON) in grains in the Heihe-Tengchong line and the two sides of it in China.Methods From July to October 2019,stratified sampling was used to collect common grain samples stored and sold by farmers in 13 provinces,including rice,corn,red beans,soybeans and Flour,enzyme-linked immunosorbent method was adopted to detect their DON contents.Results A total of 510 positive food samples were obtained in this survey,of which 12 samples exceeded national standards,with an exceeding rate of 2.35%.The average content of DON in different grains in descending order was:corn(361.40±533.42) μg/kg,flour(227.76±272.19) μg/kg,soybean(140.23±30.39) μg/kg,red bean(118.45±30.64) μg/kg,rice(106.35±46.85) μg/kg.The average DON content in the area along the Heihe-Tengchong line(260.78±391.29) μg/kg was higher than that in the southeastern area(130.42±67.44) μg/kg(Z=2.975,P<0.05) and the northwest area(153.72±179.95) μg/kg(Z=4.708,P<0.05);the average content of DON in the northwest side of the line was higher than that in the southeast side of the line,but the difference was not statistically significant(Z=0.967,P>0.05).Conclusion The pollution of DON in grains on the Heihe-Tengchong line and on both sides of the grain is common in China,and the DON pollution level of corn is higher than that of other grains.The difference of DON content in different regions is as followed:Heihe-Tengchong line area > northwest region of line > southeast of line area.

关 键 词：粮食污染 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 酶联免疫吸附法 黑河-腾冲线 

分 类 号：R115[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R155.5