炁:汉代候气术的发生学基础  

Qi:The Genetic Basis of Hou Qi Shu in the Han Dynasty

作　　者：马金 MA Jin(School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京100049

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2022年第3期82-88,共7页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

摘　　要：“候气”是中国古代历法中验证二十四节气交节时刻的补充机制,它以天地相感为理念,以一套条件苛刻的律管实验将地气接引而出,与圭表测影所测之气相佐证。然自其出现就因为“候不到气”而备受争议长达两千年之久。认识汉代科技文化现象,要以“天人合一”“阴阳五行”“律历一体”为线索,而不能仅从现代科学的数理逻辑视角入手。文章从现象学还原的角度,回归汉代语境,探索候气术的“气”,认为其来自不可见之“炁”。候气是古人把“天地之脉”的途径,是汉代宇宙论观念下知识构建的中间环节。“Hou Qi”is a supplementary mechanism for verifying the crossing moments of the twenty-four solar terms in the ancient Chinese calendar,which draws out the Qi from the earth by a set of harsh musical tubes based on the mutual cosmologic correspondence principle between the Heaven and the Earth as an evidence corroboration of the Qi measured by the solar shadow measurement.However,from the beginning to now,at least for 2000 years,it has been a controversial conundrum because nobody had gotten hold of it.To grasp the essence between science,technology and culture in the Han Dynasty,principles such as“the unity of Heaven and Man”,“Yin Yang and Five Elements”,and“the unity of music and calendar”should be taken as clues alternative to mathematical logic of modern science.A conclusion that the“Qi”of“Hou Qi Shu”comes from the invisible philosophical“Qi”may be drawn from the context of the Han Dynasty by the phenomenological reduction method.For the ancients,Hou Qi,an intermediate link of knowledge constructions based on the concept of cosmology in the Han Dynasty,aims to take the pulse of Heaven and Earth.

关 键 词：律历一体 炁 节气 候气实验 修补机制 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]