漆籽油的脱蜡工艺  

Dewaxing process of lacquer seed oil

作　　者：余玲 毛振涛 张小勇 YU Ling;MAO Zhentao;ZHANG Xiaoyong(Shaanxi Qinqiao Agriculture and Forestry Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Shangnan 726300,Shaanxi,China;COFCO ET(Xi’an)International Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710082,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西秦乔农林生物科技有限公司,陕西商南726300 [2]中粮工科(西安)国际工程有限公司,西安710082

出　　处：《中国油脂》2022年第4期15-18,23,共5页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：2020年度陕西省科技计划项目“食品级漆蜡和漆籽油生产工艺研究及产业化”示范项目(S2020-YD-QFY-0026)。

摘　　要：为提高漆籽油质量,以陕西漆树籽为原料,研究了漆籽仁预处理方法对提取漆籽油的影响,通过正交试验优化了漆籽油精制脱蜡的工艺条件,研究了助滤剂添加量对蜡晶过滤速度的影响,并测定了漆籽油的理化指标,脂肪酸、维生素E和植物甾醇组成及含量。结果表明:热碱水处理漆籽仁所提取的漆籽油品质更好,此工艺也更适于实际生产;适合规模化生产的漆籽油精制脱蜡最佳工艺条件为降温速率1.0℃/h、养晶温度5℃、搅拌速度20 r/min;加入2.0%的珍珠岩作助滤剂,油蜡分离速度最快;在上述条件下,漆籽油脱蜡率为95.88%。漆籽油含有较高含量的亚油酸(68.7%)、δ-生育酚(422.78 mg/kg)、植物甾醇(3760.00 mg/kg),其中植物甾醇中的β-扶桑甾醇(386.21 mg/kg)、柠檬二烯醇(138.55 mg/kg)在常见植物油中未见报道。In order to improve the quality of lacquer seed oil,Shaanxi lacquer tree seed was used as raw material to study the effect of lacquer seed kernel pretreatment method on the extraction of lacquer seed oil.The dewaxing conditions of lacquer seed oil were optimized through orthogonal experiment.The effect of the amount of filter aid on the filtration rate of wax crystal was studied,and the physicochemical indexes,compositions of fatty acid,vitamin E and phytosterol in lacquer seed oil were determined.The results showed that the quality of lacquer seed oil extracted from lacquer seed kernel pretreated with hot alkaline water was better,and this process was more suitable for practical production.The optimal dewaxing conditions of lacquer seed oil suitable for large-scale production were obtained as follows:cooling rate 1.0℃/h,crystallization temperature 5℃and stirring speed 20 r/min.Adding 2.0%perlite as filter aid,the separation speed of lacquer seed oil and lacquer wax was the fastest.Under the optimal conditions,the dewaxing rate of lacquer seed oil was 95.88%.Lacquer seed oil contained high content of linoleic acid(68.7%),δ-tocopherol(422.78 mg/kg)and phytosterol(3760.00 mg/kg),andβ-fusosterol(386.21 mg/kg)and limonol(138.55 mg/kg)were substances not reported in common vegetable oils.

关 键 词：漆籽 漆籽油 精制 脱蜡 晶粒 养晶 

分 类 号：TS225.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TS224.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]