电动汽车运行阶段碳排放因子影响因素研究  

Impact Analysis on Carbon Emission Factor in Operations of Electric Vehicle

作　　者：唐一媛 毛保华[1,2] 周琪 高琦琦 TANG Yiyuan;MAO Baohua;ZHOU Qi;GAO Qiqi(Intergrated Transport Research Center of China,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologics for Comprehensive Transport,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学中国综合交通研究中心,北京100044 [2]综合交通运输大数据应用技术交通运输行业重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《交通节能与环保》2022年第3期17-22,共6页Transport Energy Conservation & Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71971021);基本科研业务费科研学术活动资助项目(2019JBM334).

摘　　要：电动汽车全生命周期可分成生产、运行、拆解回收三个阶段,本文在分析三个阶段碳排放内涵的基础上,重点研究了电动汽车运行阶段的碳排放因子,分析了发电结构、电池容量、续航里程三个因素对运行阶段碳排放因子的影响机理。研究结果表明:发电结构是影响电动汽车碳排放因子的重要因素,2020年中国、美国电动汽车运行阶段碳排放因子分别为87.99、51.49 gCO_(2)/km,中国约为美国的1.7倍,主要原因是中国的煤电占比远高于美国,且美国可再生能源发电比例较高;在我国2020年的发电结构下,电池容量为20 kW·h的电动汽车续航里程从100 km提升至200 km后,其运行阶段碳排放因子从121.36 gCO_(2)/km降至60.68 gCO_(2)/km。因此,我国应大力发展可再生能源发电技术,不断优化电力结构,为降低电动汽车碳排放因子打下基础;同时要不断突破电池技术难题,优化电池性能,提高续航里程,从而有效降低电动汽车运行阶段的碳排放因子。The whole life cycle of electric vehicles can be divided into three stages: production,operation,disassembly and recycling. Based on the analysis of the connotation of carbon emission in the three stages,the carbon emission factor in the operation stage of electric vehicles is analyzed,and the influence mechanism of power generation structure, battery capacity and endurance mileage on the carbon emission factor in the operation stage are analyzed. The results show that the power generation structure is an important factor affecting the carbon emission factors of electric vehicles. In 2020,the carbon emission factor of electric vehicles in China is 87.99 gCO_(2)/km,which is about 1.7 times that of the United States(51.49 gCO_(2)/km). The main reason is that the proportion of coal power in China is much higher than that in the United States,and the proportion of renewable energy power generation in the United States is high. Under China’s power generation structure in 2020,when the range of electric vehicles with battery capacity of 20kW·h is increased from 100 km to 200 km,the carbon emission factor in the operation stage is reduced from 121.36 gCO_(2)/km to 60.68 gCO_(2)/km. Therefore,China should vigorously develop renewable energy power generation technology and continuously optimize the power structure to lay a foundation for reducing the carbon emission factor of electric vehicles. At the same time,we should constantly break through the technical problems of batteries,optimize battery performance and improve endurance mileage,so as to effectively reduce the carbon emission factor in the operation stage of electric vehicles.

关 键 词：交通碳排放 碳排放因子 运行阶段 电动汽车 发电结构 电池容量 续航里程 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]