2005—2020年我国自然灾害救助应急响应时空分布特征及变化  

Changes and Spatial-temporal Distribution Characteristics of Emergency Responses to Natural Disaster Relief in China during 2005-2020

作　　者：田芳毓 陈旭东 苏筠 TIAN Fangyu;CHEN Xudong;SU Yun(School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875

出　　处：《灾害学》2022年第2期190-196,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“全球变化与应对”专项(2018YFA0605602);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41771572)。

摘　　要：我国已基本形成一套卓有成效的救灾应急响应体系。为增进对我国重大自然灾害及防灾减灾工作的认识,更好地应对未来风险,该文分析了2016—2020年国家救灾应急响应的数量、时空分布特征,与2005—2010年和2011—2015年的特征进行对比分析变化特点,并与同期的灾情损失空间分布进行对比分析格局成因。结果表明:①数量上,2016-2020年我国共启动84次救灾应急响应,主要是Ⅳ级响应,针对气象水文灾害的应急响应占84.5%。与2005—2015年相比,启动的频次减少。②从空间分布上看,救灾应急响应呈现“南多北少”的格局,气象水文灾害的应急响应主要集中在南方各省;针对地震地质灾害启动的响应呈现出“西多东少”的分布。③因灾死亡人口、经济损失的灾情格局显示出:灾情严重的地区集中于人口较密集、经济欠发达、突发重灾较频繁的地区,也是启动高级别救助应急响应较多的地区。川、滇、黔、鄂、湘五省区的自然灾害风险应受到更大的关注。With the development of society,China has gradually formed the effective natural disaster relief emergency response system.In order to enhance the understanding of major natural disasters in China and better deal with the risk in the future,we analyzed the quantity,temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of national disaster relief emergency response(ERs)from 2016 to 2020,and compared them with 2005-2010 and 2011-2015.The results show that①In terms of quantity,China launched 84 ERs from 2016 to 2020,mostly focusing on level IV,and most of them were aimed at meteorological and hydrological disasters.Comparing 2005-2010 and 2011-2015,the number of ERs decreased significantly.②From the perspective of spatial distribution,the number of ERs during 2016-2020 presented a pattern of“more in the South and less in the north”.The responses for meteorological and hydrological disasters were mainly concentrated in the southern provinces.The response for seismic geological disasters presented the distribution of“less in the West and more in the East”.The number of levelⅠ,Ⅱof ERs was more in the West,which is an area with frequent earthquake and geological disasters and less in the East.The spatial distribution of ERs for seismic and geological disasters tended to shrink to the West.③The regions with dense population,less-developed economic and frequent heavy natural disasters tend to suffer more serious disaster losses and start more ERs of higher level.Some provinces of the south should be paid more attention.

关 键 词：自然灾害 应急响应 灾情损失 时空分布特征 防灾减灾 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5[历史地理—历史学] K06