能人政治与公共规则:业主自治何以迈向两个极端?——以上海市Y小区和S小区的比较研究为例  

Strongman Politics and Public Rules:How Does Proprietor Autonomy Move toward Two Extremes?——Take the Comparative Study of Y District and S District in Shanghai as an Example

作　　者：张兰 刘建军[2] Zhang Lann;Liu Jianju(School of International Relations&Public Affairs,Fudan University,200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院政治学系,上海200433 [2]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433

出　　处：《甘肃行政学院学报》2021年第6期73-84,M0007,共13页Journal of Gansu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“资本—福利—信息时代西方政治制度的困境与历史局限研究”(13&ZD035)。

摘　　要：在社区社会主义与房权社会并存的城市社区中,以党建为代表的政治逻辑与以利益为导向的经济逻辑共同存在。那么,业委会的运作遵循什么逻辑?哪些因素制约了业主自治的走向?本文以长期追踪的上海市Y小区和S小区为例,发现两个小区面临相似的物理环境和正式化资源,但社区治理中的业委会自治却逐渐产生了分化,最终形成截然不同的结果。遵循密尔求异法中的最大相似原则,本文认为社区精英互动、业委会与物业的关系两个维度构成了业主自治的四种类型:互嵌共生、脱嵌分离、脱嵌偏轨、脱嵌失序。本文发现,党建在基层的嵌入促使社区能人利用公共规则实现了业主自治,因此党建引领下的能人政治与公共规则成为制衡业主自治的重要因素,并以此丰富奥斯特罗姆的自主治理理论。而公共规则的设计与运用促使社区精英在居民自治的过程中形成不同的策略选择,或成为业委会能人团队的“强者的工具”,或成为业主维权的“弱者的武器”。In urban communities where community socialism and housing rights society coexist,the political logic represented by party building and the economic logic oriented by interests coexist.Sowhat logic does the operation of the owners'committee follow?What factors restrict the direction of owner autonomy?This article takes Shanghai’s Y community and S community,which the author has tracked for a long time,as an example.It is found that the two communities face similar physical environments and formalized resources,but the autonomy of the business committees in community governance has gradually diverged and finally formed completely different results.Following the principle of maximum similarity in Mill’s method of seeking differences,this article believes that the two dimensions of community elite interaction and the relationship between the property committee and the property constitute the four types of community elite interaction with the organization:inter-embedding and symbiosis,de-embedding and separation,de-embedding off track and out of order.This article finds that the embedding of party building at the grassroots level encourages capable people in the community to use public rules to realize the autonomy of the business committee.Therefore,the community capable people and public rules under the leadership of party building have become an important factor to check and balance the autonomy of the business committee and enrich Ostrom's theory of autonomous governance.The design and application of public rules urge community elites to form different strategic choices in the process of residents'self-government or become the"tools of the strong"for the capable team of the property committee,or the"weapon of the weak"for the owners to defend their rights.

关 键 词：业主自治 党建引领 能人政治 公共规则 社区精英 

分 类 号：D089[政治法律—政治学]