长江岛屿湿地生态补偿标准测算——以通洲沙江心岛规划工程为例  

Calculation of ecological compensation standards for the Yangtze River island wetland:An example of planning project of Tongzhousha Ait

作　　者：谢静怡 张饮江 陈雪初[3] 杨怀宇[4] XIE Jingyi;ZHANG Yinjiang;CHEN Xuechu;YANG Huaiyu(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Engineering Research Center for Water Environment Ecological,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Ecology and Environment,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200021,China;College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306 [2]水域环境生态上海高校工程研究中心,上海201306 [3]华东师范大学生态与环境学院,上海200021 [4]上海海洋大学经济管理学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2022年第2期128-135,共8页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2013ZX07101014-004);上海市重点学科建设项目(Y1110,S30701);上海市高校智库建设(A1-2053-18-0001);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN201803811)。

摘　　要：近年来长江流域湿地退化现象愈加严峻,湿地生态补偿是保护长江流域的有效手段。以通洲沙江心岛生态湿地规划工程为例,借鉴征地补偿和流域生态补偿测算框架,构建长江岛屿湿地的补偿标准测算框架。基于经济学理论,运用市场价格法、机会成本法、重置成本法、影子工程法、成果参照法、费用支出法等评估方法,得出长江岛屿湿地生态补偿标准以机会成本为下限,以生态系统服务价值为上限。研究结果表明:通洲沙江心岛生态湿地的机会成本为16653.64万元,居民成本(养殖补偿、失业补偿)占4.14%,企业成本(搬迁补偿、安置补偿)占95.86%。生态系统服务价值为21762.65万元,维持服务(生物多样性补偿)占23.45%,调节服务(气体调节补偿、污染净化调节补偿)占19.36%,文化服务(科研教育、休闲旅游)占57.19%。规划工程提出的生态补偿标准为18083万元,在本研究测算出的补偿标准上下限之间,与研究区域的特征有较高的契合度,具有一定的合理性。这为提高长江流域生态补偿效益提供了科学指导。Yangtze River Basin is rich in biodiversity and bioresources and an important ecological protection zone in China.In recent years,degradation in Yangtze River Basin wetlands has been becoming more and more serious.The ecological compensation of wetlands is an effective mean of protecting Yangtze River Basin.Taking the planning project of Tongzhousha Ait ecological wetland as an example,the compensation framework for Yangtze Island wetland compensation standards was constructed by drawing on the calculation framework of land acquisition compensation and river basin ecological compensation.Based on economic theory and by using the methods of market price,opportunity cost,replacement cost,shadow engineering,results reference,expense method among other,we found that Yangtze island wetland ecological compensation standards take the opportunity cost as the lower limit and the ecosystem service value as the upper limit.The results showed that the opportunity cost of Tongzhousha Ait ecological wetland is 166.5364 million yuan(RMB),the resident cost(breeding compensation,unemployment compensation) accounts for 4.14%,and the enterprise cost(relocation compensation,resettlement compensation) accounts for 95.86%.The value of ecosystem services is 217.6265 million Yuan(RMB),maintenance services(biodiversity compensation) account for 23.45%,regulation services(gas regulation compensation,pollution purification regulation compensation) account for 19.36%,and cultural services(research and education,leisure tourism) account for 57.19%.The ecological compensation standards proposed by the planning project is 180.83 million Yuan(RMB).Between the upper and lower limits of the compensation standards measured in this study,there is a high degree of agreement with the characteristics of the study area,which has a certain rationality.This provides a scientific guidance for improving the benefits of ecological compensation in Yangtze River Basin.

关 键 词：生态补偿 机会成本 生态系统服务价值 通洲沙江心岛 规划工程 长江 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X321